Section 1 & 2
How many people lived in the United States in 1790?
4 Million
As a teenager, who helped run a shipping company in the British West Indies before moving to the American colonies for education? He later married into a wealthy New York family and practiced law, serving as Washington's aide and delegate to four Continental Congresses.
Alexander Hamilton
What is the name of a body of electors that represent the people's vote in the election of presidents?
Electoral College
A rebellion of French people against their king that began in 1789 when French citizens captured Bastille.
French Revolution
Spain's minister Godoy agreed to Pinckney’s Treaty.
October 1795
These are groups that help elect people and shape policies. They began to form during Washington’s presidency.
Political parties
What is the name given to the belief that mothers played an essential part in raising their children to be decent citizens?
Republican Motherhood
How much did the United States owe in Revolutionary War expenses at the time?
$25 million
Today, we know that presidents hold cabinet meetings with their senior advisers; this practice began during Washington's administration and became widespread by what year?
1792
French revolutionaries beheaded King Louis XVI.
January 1793
This settled the border and trade disputes with Spain. Under the treaty Spain agreed to recognize the U.S. southern boundary as 31˚N latitude. Spain’s government also reopened the port at New Orleans to American ships and gave them the right of deposit.
Pinckney’s Treaty
Alexander Hamilton helped found this party which wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade.
Federalist Party
What was the name of George Washington's wife, who later became the first First Lady?
Martha Washington
What was the name of the author who believed that women should have a larger role in the new nation and advocated Republican Motherhood?
Judith Sargent Murray
What term refers to the federal government's ability to conduct reasonable activities that the Constitution does not expressly prohibit?
Loose Construction
This stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war. Washington believed his plan was the safest for the long run, but not everyone agreed.
Neutrality Proclamation
He was a Miami chief who led a Native American alliance and defeated U.S. forces under General Josiah Harmar.
Little Turtle
The Federalists chose these 2 men as candidates for their political party.
John Adams and Thomas Pinckney
Who did the people regard as an honest, competent, and stable leader, a Revolutionary hero known for his ability to motivate and manage the army, with many feeling he should be the first President of the United States?
George Washington
Who became George Washington's Vice President?
John Adams
In 1792, 24 stockbrokers struck an agreement under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street; this agreement laid the groundwork for what subsequently became known as what?
New York Stock Exchange
France’s new representative to the United States who asked American sailors to help France fight England by commanding privateers.
Edmond Genet
President Washington gave command of the army in the West to him and tasked him with bringing troops to the frontier to fight against the Indians.
Anthony Wayne
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded this party whose members were called Republicans. They wanted to limit the federal government’s power.
Democratic-Republican Party
Which area opposed to assist the federal government in repaying other states' debts?
The South
In February 1791, Congress approved the charter for the country's first national bank. The bank contributed significantly to the stability of the United States' economy. What was the name of the bank?
Bank of the United States
What is the name given to people who acquire products at low costs in the belief that the value will grow and they will be able to sell the items for profit?
Speculators
Private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies.
Privateers
During this event, Native Americans fought Wayne’s troops and were defeated. The battle was named for an area where many trees had been destroyed by a tornado.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
The Democratic-Republican party chose these 2 men as their candidates.
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
What is the name for taxes that raise the prices of foreign products?
Protective Tariffs
Who established departments in the executive branch to address various areas of national policy?
The First Congress
During that time period, how much did the United States owe foreign countries?
$11.7 million
Washington' Chief Justice who he sent to London to work out a compromise to prevent another war with Britain.
John Jay
This is when Native American leaders signed the Treaty of Greenville.
August 1795
Despite being accused of being a royalist, he was elected the 2nd president of the US.
John Adams
What is the belief that the federal government should only do what the Constitution clearly allows?
Strict Construction
What is the name given to debt certificates with the pledge to buy back bonds at an increased price?
Bonds
Who strongly encouraged George Washington to run for President of the United States, as quoted as stating, "Of all men, you are the best fitted to fill that office"?
Gouverneur Morris
This is when the US and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty.
November 1794
This gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory. It also guaranteed the safety of citizens there. In exchange, Native Americans received $20,000 worth of goods and an acknowledgment of their claim to the lands they still held.
Treaty of Greenville
This refers to the French's secret demand for a $250,000 bribe and a $12 million loan from American diplomats visiting France. It outraged the American public.
XYZ affair
Where did the national capital relocate for ten years beginning in 1791?
Philadelphia
Which city served as the United States' first capital, embodying the spirit of the new nation?
New York City
What is the name for an action or choice that is later used as an example?
Precedent
This settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s. The British would pay damages on seized American ships and abandon their forts on the northwestern frontier. The United States agreed to pay debts it owed the British.
Jay’s Treaty
Congress passed a tax on this and was part of Hamilton’s plan to raise money to help pay the federal debt.
American-made whiskey
These were four laws that were said to protect the United States, but the Federalists intended them to crush opposition to war. The most controversial was the Sedition Act, which forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government.
Alien and Sedition Acts
During that time, how much did the United States owe its citizens?
$40.4 million
George Washington chose a permanent location for the capital on the Potomac River that comprised parts of Maryland and Virginia. The terrain was comprised of marshes and farmland. What will this site eventually be known as?
Washington D.C.
What legislation established three levels of federal courts, defined their powers and relationships with state courts, and established federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals?
Judiciary Act of 1789
Spain closed this port to U.S. trade in 1784, hurting the American economy because all goods moving down the Mississippi to places in the East or overseas had to pass through here.
New Orleans
During this, farmers lashed out against the tax on whiskey. Protesters refused to pay the tax and they even tarred and feathered tax collectors.
Whiskey Rebellion
This forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government. In effect, this cancelled basic protections of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
Sedition Act
What is the name given to money owing by the US?
National Debt
Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should develop a coin-making facility so that it could begin issuing its own currency. What did it become known for?
National Mint
Many people who had participated in the Revolution, the establishment of the Articles of Confederation, and the formulation of the Constitution remained in positions of power after the Constitution was ratified. For their notable contributions to the country's formation, what were they known as?
Founding Fathers
He was a Spanish minister who tried to delay reaching an agreement with Pinckney regarding the port of New Orleans.
Manuel de Godoy
This is when Washington personally led the army against the Whiskey Rebellion—the first and only time an American president has done so. The army of about 13,000 men approached western Pennsylvania but by this time most of the rebels had fled. The Whiskey Rebellion ended without a battle.
November 1794
These documents argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They stated that the federal government could not pass these acts because they interfered with state government.
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions