Section 1 & 2
How many people lived in the United States in 1790?
4 Million
As a teenager, who helped run a shipping company in the British West Indies before moving to the American colonies for education? He later married into a wealthy New York family and practiced law, serving as Washington's aide and delegate to four Continental Congresses.
Alexander Hamilton
What is the name of a body of electors that represent the people's vote in the election of presidents?
Electoral College
What was the rebellion of French people against their king in 1789?
French Revolution
When did Manuel de Godoy agree to Pinckney’s Treaty, which settled the border and trade disputes with Spain and the U.S.?
October 1795
What are groups that help elect people and shape policies?
Political parties
What is the name given to the belief that mothers played an essential part in raising their children to be decent citizens?
Republican Motherhood
How much did the United States owe in Revolutionary War expenses at the time?
$25 million
Today, we know that presidents hold cabinet meetings with their senior advisers; this practice began during Washington's administration and became widespread by what year?
1792
When did French Revolutionaries shock many Americans by beheading King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette later that year?
January 1793
Under what treaty did Spain agree to recognize the U.S. southern boundary as 31˚N latitude? As a part of the treaty, Spain’s government also reopened the port at New Orleans to American ships and gave them the right of deposit. Because of this, it opened the frontier to more expansion.
Pinckney’s Treaty
What was the party which wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade?
Federalist Party
What was the name of George Washington's wife, who later became the first First Lady?
Martha Washington
What was the name of the author who believed that women should have a larger role in the new nation and advocated Republican Motherhood?
Judith Sargent Murray
What term refers to the federal government's ability to conduct reasonable activities that the Constitution does not expressly prohibit?
Loose Construction
What stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war?
Neutrality Proclamation
Who was the Native American Miami chief who had command of a Native American Alliance that defeated U.S. forces under General Josiah Harmar? Then in 1791, Native Americans defeated General Arthur St. Clair’s troops.
Little Turtle
Who did the Federalist party choose as their candidates?
John Adams and Thomas Pinckney
Who did the people regard as an honest, competent, and stable leader, a Revolutionary hero known for his ability to motivate and manage the army, with many feeling he should be the first President of the United States?
George Washington
Who became George Washington's Vice President?
John Adams
In 1792, 24 stockbrokers struck an agreement under a buttonwood tree on Wall Street; this agreement laid the groundwork for what subsequently became known as what?
New York Stock Exchange
Who was France’s new representative to the United States that asked American sailors to help France fight England by commanding privateers?
Edmond Genet
In 1792 who did President Washington give command of the army in the West? This general's task was to bring troops to the frontier to fight against the Indians.
Anthony Wayne
Who was the party that wanted to limit the federal government’s power?
Democratic-Republican Party
Which area opposed to assist the federal government in repaying other states' debts?
The South
In February 1791, Congress approved the charter for the country's first national bank. The bank contributed significantly to the stability of the United States' economy. What was the name of the bank?
Bank of the United States
What is the name given to people who acquire products at low costs in the belief that the value will grow and they will be able to sell the items for profit?
Speculators
What were private ships hired by a country to attack its enemies called?
Privateers
On August 20, 1794, in what battle did Native Americans fight Wayne’s troops and were defeated?
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Who did the Democratic-Republican party choose as the party candidates?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
What is the name for taxes that raise the prices of foreign products?
Protective Tariffs
Who established departments in the executive branch to address various areas of national policy?
The First Congress
During that time period, how much did the United States owe foreign countries?
$11.7 million
Who was the Chief Justice that Washington sent to London to work out a compromise with the British?
John Jay
When did Native American leaders signed the Treaty of Greenville, which gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory? The treaty also guaranteed the safety of citizens there. In exchange, Native Americans received $20,000 worth of goods and an acknowledgment of their claim to the lands they still held.
August 1795
Who had the challenging task of following Washington as president and would have to work hard to win the people’s trust?
John Adams
What is the belief that the federal government should only do what the Constitution clearly allows?
Strict Construction
What is the name given to debt certificates with the pledge to buy back bonds at an increased price?
Bonds
Who strongly encouraged George Washington to run for President of the United States, as quoted as stating, "Of all men, you are the best fitted to fill that office"?
Gouverneur Morris
When did the U.S. and Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which settled disputes between the two?
November 1794
What was the agreement which gave the United States claim to most Indian lands in the Northwest Territory? It also guaranteed the safety of citizens there. In exchange, Native Americans received $20,000 worth of goods and an acknowledgment of their claim to the lands they still held.
Treaty of Greenville
What did the French demand for a bribe that outraged the American public come to be called?
XYZ affair
Where did the national capital relocate for ten years beginning in 1791?
Philadelphia
Which city served as the United States' first capital, embodying the spirit of the new nation?
New York City
What is the name for an action or choice that is later used as an example?
Precedent
What was the agreement that settled the disputes that had arisen between the United States and Great Britain in the early 1790s? In this agreement, the British would pay damages on seized American ships and abandon their forts on the northwestern frontier. The United States agreed to pay debts it owed the British.
Jay’s Treaty
What did Congress pass a tax on in March 1791? This tax was part of Hamilton’s plan to raise money to help pay the federal debt.
American-made whiskey
What were the four laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798?
Alien and Sedition Acts
During that time, how much did the United States owe its citizens?
$40.4 million
George Washington chose a permanent location for the capital on the Potomac River that comprised parts of Maryland and Virginia. The terrain was comprised of marshes and farmland. What will this site eventually be known as?
Washington D.C.
What legislation established three levels of federal courts, defined their powers and relationships with state courts, and established federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals?
Judiciary Act of 1789
What port did Spain close to U.S. trade in 1784? This hurt the American economy because all goods moving down the Mississippi to places in the East or overseas had to pass through this port.
New Orleans
What was the conflict in 1794 where farmers lashed out against the tax on whiskey? Protesters refused to pay the tax. They even tarred and feathered tax collectors.
Whiskey Rebellion
What was the most controversial act which forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal government?
Sedition Act
What is the name given to money owing by the US?
National Debt
Alexander Hamilton believed that the United States should develop a coin-making facility so that it could begin issuing its own currency. What did it become known for?
National Mint
Many people who had participated in the Revolution, the establishment of the Articles of Confederation, and the formulation of the Constitution remained in positions of power after the Constitution was ratified. For their notable contributions to the country's formation, what were they known as?
Founding Fathers
Who was the Spanish minister that tried to delay reaching an agreement, hoping Pinckney would become desperate and sign a treaty that favored the Spanish? This Spanish Minister was worried that the United States and Great Britain might join against Spain after signing Jay’s Treaty.
Manuel de Godoy
When did the British and Americans signed Jay’s Treaty?
November 1794
What were the documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional and stated that the federal government could not pass these acts because they interfered with state government?
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions