Thomas Jefferson
Cultural Nationalism & Industrialization
Exploring the West
The War of 1812
James Monroe
100
In the election of 1800, who did Thomas Jefferson run against? What was each presidential candidate's political party?
John Adams Adams - Federalist Jefferson - Republican
100
Jefferson and the Republicans wanted free education for all. Did this happen? Which groups received education, and which groups did not?
No - public schools and colleges weren't common. Only 1 out of every 1000 men received a college education. There were no educational opportunities for women. However, they tried to educate Native Americans through mission schools. Jefferson proposed the idea of the "noble savage," or that if given the chance, Native Americans could become civilized. Jefferson did not believe that African Americans could ever become civilized, so there were no education opportunities for them.
100
Who did Jefferson buy the Louisiana Purchase from, and for how much money?
Napoleon Bonaparte of France $15 million
100
Who was president during the War of 1812? Who was the First Lady?
James Madison Dolly Madison
100
As part of the Missouri Compromise, the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of the Southern boundary of Missouri would be considered free or slave territory?
Free
200
Describe Jefferson's vision for the new republic.
He pictured America as a society of independent farmers with a weak national government. He wanted free education for all men to create a virtuous and enlightened body of citizens.
200
In this period, writers started creating a body of American literature. Who was the famous author of popular folktales, and give one example of his/her work.
Washington Irving - "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
200
Why were the Federalists upset by the Louisiana Purchase?
Federalist argument: - Weaken the central government (stretch it too thin) - Jefferson has no authority to buy it - Worsen the issue of unequal representation between slave and free states - Wilderness with Native American tribes is not a good place to settle
200
At first, what did the British think of the war, and how did their opinion change over time?
At first, the British cared more about their war with France - wanted to stop Napoleon from taking over the world. Most of the British public focused their attention on France, and as a result, most didn't know there was a war going on in America (or if they knew, they didn't care). When Britain defeated Napoleon, the British sent more soldiers over to America, and the war picked up momentum. The British burnt down the American capital shortly after.
200
Fill-in-the-blank: James Monroe is the _____ President of the United States. *I'm looking for a number*
5th
300
Why was Jefferson conflicted about buying the Louisiana Purchase?
He was a Republican, and therefore a big proponent of construction, which is the idea that the Constitution should be read as literally as possible. This ensured that the federal government did not get too powerful.
300
What are interchangeable parts, and who invented the concept?
Eli Whitney Spare parts - important because in America, there were such large distances between towns and cities, so now farmers could replace machines themselves This was applied especially to muskets
300
What does Jefferson ask Lewis & Clark to look for when he sends them to explore the Louisiana Territory?
- Rivers --> better transportation, communication, and commercial networks? - Soil --> capability for food production? - Natural resources --> any mineral production? - Climate - Native Americans --> what areas have friendly vs. hostile natives? where should we settle? - Plants & animals --> food?
300
What were the three major events in the War of 1812, and why?
1) Battle of Bladensburg - paved the way for the British to march on Washington 2) Burning of Washington - all major government buildings (except the post office) were set ablaze; whole city (even the President) forced to evacuate 3) Battle of Baltimore - Fort McHenry & the "Star-Spangled Banner"
300
Before the Missouri Compromise, how many slave and free states existed? As a result of the Missouri Compromise, which states were admitted to the Union, and were they free or slave states?
Before: 11 free & 11 slave After: Missouri - slave Maine - free
400
What was Jefferson's Embargo Act, and why did it fail?
The Embargo Act forbid Americans to trade with foreign ports. The point was to punish Britain for impressing American sailors. Jefferson thought this would make the British stop, but the British didn't even notice the Embargo because they were too busy fighting France, so impressment continued. It devastated the American economy, upsetting New England merchants who lost business. This led to the War of 1812. It went against Jefferson's vision of America as a simple agrarian nation because it strengthened the power of the federal government, and forced Americans to develop their own industry since they couldn't trade with anyone.
400
Describe the impact of Eli Whitney's cotton gin.
The cotton gin removed cotton seeds quickly, so that they could clean cotton in the span of a few hours, rather than an entire day. As a result, cotton growing spread throughout the South, and the institution of slavery expanded. This also led to the development of an American textile industry in the North, which in turn, led to the development of the transportation industry (i.e. the steamboat).
400
Why did Jefferson buy the Louisiana Territory?
- Wanted access to the New Orleans port because farmers in the West shipped their products through this port --> this would give the U.S. more $ - Doubling the size of the country guaranteed that there would be enough land for every white man to have his own farm (this was Jefferson's vision)
400
What was the Hartford Convention?
Before the War of 1812 broke out, British impressment of American ships angered New England merchants. When the war broke out, and impressment never stopped, New England states began to resent the war. At the Hartford Convention, Federalist delegates from MA, CT, RI, NH, and VT met and discussed secession. Ultimately, they rejected the idea. However, this Convention destroyed the Federalist Party. Now, America was back to a one-party system, with the Democratic-Republicans in charge.
400
Did Jefferson support or oppose the Missouri Compromise, and why?
Opposed - states, not the federal government, should decide whether or not they'll allow slavery --> the Constitution does not give the federal government this power (remember: Jefferson is big proponent of construction) --> this defies what the Revolutionaries had fought for in 1776
500
Describe how the United States went to war with the Barbary States, and why this went against Jefferson's policy?
Jefferson wanted to continue the policy of neutrality that George Washington had begun in the first presidency. He also shrunk the military. This became a problem because when Jefferson became President, the Barbary States increased the tribute that the U.S. would have to pay to be able to trade with them. Jefferson refused to pay and Tripoli (one of the Barbary States), declared war.
500
Who came up with the idea that the American schoolboy should be educated as a "nationalist"?
Noah Webster - a Connecticut school teacher, lawyer, and author of American dictionaries
500
What major river did Jefferson ask Lewis & Clark to explore, and why?
The Missouri River - the main river (more so than the Mississippi) - to chart the river's course and find out what's near it - to see if there's a more practical commercial network between the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Ocean
500
Who wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner," and how does it begin?
Francis Scott Key "O say can you see by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming, Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave, O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?"
500
What did the Monroe Doctrine declare?
"The American continents... are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers" --> a challenge to this would be seen as an unfriendly act, and warrant a defense It also stated that the U.S. would continue to remain neutral in the affairs of European countries --> isolationist policy
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