Causes of Civil War
His election in 1860 was seen as the “last straw” for the South.
Abraham Lincoln
The Union’s plan to blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River.
Anaconda Plan
This speech redefined the purpose of the war as a fight for equality and national unity.
Gettysburg Address
This amendment permanently abolished slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment
This amendment prohibited denying voting rights based on race.
15th Amendment
These laws enforced segregation in schools, transportation, and public facilities.
Jim Crow Laws
This 1861 battle marked the official start of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
This military strategy, used most famously by General Sherman, targeted not only enemy soldiers but also the farms, railroads, factories, and towns that supported the Southern war effort.
Total War
On July 3, 1863, this city surrendered, giving the Union full control of the Mississippi River.
Battle of Vicksburg
This 1863 order freed enslaved people only in the Confederate states.
Emancipation Proclamation
This amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law.
14th Amendment
This terrorist group used violence to keep African Americans from voting.
KKK
This event in December 1860 made South Carolina the first state to leave the Union.
Secession
The Confederacy hoped this strategy, fighting on familiar territory, would exhaust the North.
Defensive War
The bloodiest single day in American history, leading to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.
Antietam
After the Emancipation Proclamation, nearly 180,000 African Americans joined this army.
Union Army
Laws passed by Southern states at the start of Reconstruction that restricted the freedom of formerly enslaved people.
Black Codes
Used to disenfranchise African Americans.
Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes, Grandfather Clauses
Lincoln said this was his #1 priority at the start of the war, not ending slavery.
Preserving the Union
This 1862 naval battle proved wooden warships were obsolete.
Monitor v. Merrimack
This 1863 Union victory crushed Lee’s second invasion of the North and ended any chance of foreign recognition for the Confederacy.
Battle of Gettysburg
This word, central to Lincoln’s 1863 order, means “the act of being set free from legal or political restrictions.”
Emancipation
Created to provide food, clothing, education, and legal help to freedmen.
Freedmen's Bureau
Corruption in this president’s administration weakened Northern support for Reconstruction.
Ulysses S. Grant
Southerners feared this would happen if slavery could not expand into western territories.
This new bullet and rifled musket combination made the Civil War so deadly.
Minie Ball
The first major battle of the war that showed both sides the conflict would be long and bloody.
First Battle of Bull Run
This African American regiment became famous for its courage and sacrifice.
54th Massachusetts Regiment
Lincoln’s lenient plan allowing a Southern state to rejoin once 10% of voters pledged loyalty.
10% Plan
This 1877 agreement ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South.
Compromise of 1877