Civil War & Reconstruction
What were key causes of the Civil War?
Slavery, States Vs. Federal rights, expansion into new territories, Election of Lincoln
Federal government agency established in 1865 to aid nearly 4 million emancipated slaves as they transitioned to freedom.
Freedman’s Bureau
A market structure where the company has complete control over a product.
Monopoly
Also known as the “People’s Party”, this political party was formed in 1891 – 1892 by farmers to give them a bigger voice in government
Populist Party
What are some causes of the Progressive Movement?
Ineffectiveness of government
Poor working conditions
Emergence of Social Gospel
Unequal distribution of wealth
Immigration
Urban poor
Corruption
What did the 13th, 14h and 15th amendment do?
13th - abolished slavery in the United States.
14th - granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed all citizens "equal protection under the laws
15 - allowed citizens to vote (black American men allowed to vote)
____ kept African Americans and poor whites in a cycle of debt and poverty, resembling slavery.
Sharecropping
A theory that the economy does better without government intervention in business.
Laissez-faire
A 19th-century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty. They believed that by following Bible teachings about charity and justice, people could make society “the Kingdom of God”.
Social Gospel
Journalists who searched for and publicized real or alleged acts of corruption of public officials, businessmen.
Muckrakers
Difference between Radical Republicans (Congress) & Lincoln/Johnson during reconstruction?
Radical Republicans wanted harsh terms for the South and Lincoln/Johnson were mostly concerned with unifying the nation quickly.
Lincoln freed all slaves in states that had seceded with this.
Emancipation Proclamation
Union Pacific began in Omaha in 1865 and went west. Central Pacific went east from Sacramento and met the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory Point, Utah. These railroads connected.
Transcontinental Railroad, 1869
An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.
Nativism
The Supreme Court ruled against ____, saying that segregated facilities for whites and blacks were legal as long as the facilities were of equal quality. What was the name of the case?
Plessy V. Ferguson
How did Black Codes affect freedmen?
Limited their civil rights and economic opportunities.
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in free land had made him a free man. The U.S. Supreme Court decided he could not sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
Applied Darwin's theory of natural selection and "survival of the fittest" to human society -- the poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive.
Social Darwinism
It tried to dissolve Indian tribes by redistributing the land.
Dawes Act
A practice of winning candidates’ rewarding their supporters with government jobs and appointments
Spoils System
A best-selling novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852, that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil and helped to grow the Abolitionist Movement in America.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
The movement in America aimed to outlaw slavery which was made up of whites and African –Americans
Abolitionist Movement
A ____ is an association of workers who join together to promote and protect the welfare, interest, and rights of its members by a process called Collective Bargaining.
Labor Union
They controlled activities of the political parties in the cities.
Political Machines (Boss Tweed is an example)
This addition to the U.S. Constitution, known as “Prohibition”, banned the making, selling, or transporting of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. What is the amendment?
18th Amendment