Civil War/Reconstruction
(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
What is the Compromise of 1850?
movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920
What is the great migration?
Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War
Who were the Rough Riders?
Founded in the first decade of the 20th century to increase job opportunities for African Americans.
What is the National Uban League?
Proposed amendment guaranteeing women equal rights with men. First proposed in 1923, and then submitted to Congress every year until 1972 when it was approved by both houses. The states had 7 years to ratify it. Only 35 did ratify it (FL did not), and time ran out.
What is the Equal Rights Amendment?
A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.
What is the Dred Scott Case?
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
What are political machines?
Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
What is the Platt Amendment?
Formed in the 1940s by James Farmer and other African Americans. Influenced by Gandhi's nonviolent methods in India. Goal was to protest segregation and racism with nonviolent means
What is the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)?
Militant group formed in CA to patrol black neighborhoods to protect the residents from police violence. Soon expanded their mission (published a newspaper, provided free breakfast for poor black children, provided free medical clinics, etc.) and spread to other cities (10,000 members by 1969). Had a ten-point program asking for full employment, decent housing, and an exemption from military service among other demands.
Who are the Black Panthers?
A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners
What are scalawags?
steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company (US Steel). Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike
What is the Homestead Strike?
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
What is the Teller Amendment?
Founded by Dr. King, Ralph Abernathy, and other ministers to fight for racial equality by using nonviolent means. Plan was to use churches as a base and stage protests and demonstrations throughout the South.
What is the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)?
Black Muslims - believed that whites were the cause of the African American condition. Wanted to create their own separate state since cooperation with whites was impossible.
What is the Nation of Islam?
American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.
Who is Harriet Tubman?
a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism
What is Tammany Hall?
A key foreign policy made by President Monroe in 1823. It declared the western hemisphere off limits to new European colonization and in return, the US promised not to meddle in European affairs.
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
National student protest group formed in 1960. Following earlier models (CORE), they staged sit-ins (African Americans sitting at segregated lunch counters and refusing to leave until they were served) at whites-only lunch counters throughout the South.
What is Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ?
Union of migrant farm workers founded by Cesar Chavez and others. Wanted better wages and living conditions. Organized strikes and boycotts - leading to laws protecting migrant farm workers.
Who are the United Farm Workers (UFW)?
Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains during the 1870s
Who are the Buffalo Soldiers?
Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.
Who is Eugene Debs?
(1905) ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, after negotiations brokered by Theodore Roosevelt (for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize). Japan had dominated the war and received an indemnity, the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, and half of Sakhalin Island, but the treaty was widely condemned in Japan because the public had expected more.
What is the Treaty of Portsmouth?
Group that fights against ageism - discrimination against older Americans. Around since 1972, they have fought for affordable housing, national health care, and environmental protections. Also sued major drug companies for blocking generic drug production.
Who are the Gray Panthers?
Militant Native American rights organization. Confronted the government, sometimes violently: Wounded Knee, SD - 200 Sioux led by AIM seized the town and took hostages. Led to a shoot-out and negotiations with the FBI. In the end the government promised to reexamine Native American treaty rights.
What is the American Indian Movement (AIM) ?