Standard 1: Colonization & American Revolution
What region relied most on plantations and cash crops like tobacco and rice?
The Southern Colonies
What invention increased demand for enslaved labor in the South?
The cotton gin
What was the main goal of muckrakers? List TWO muckrakers and what they did.
To expose corruption and social problems
Jacob Riis - Where the Other Half lives
Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
Ida Tarbell - History of the Standard Oil Company
Ida B. Wells - Lynching in America
Jane Addams - Hull House
What foreign policy position did many Americans support after World War I to avoid future European conflicts?
Isolationism
What two economic and political systems competed during the Cold War?
Capitalism and communism
What Enlightenment ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence as well as the American Revolution?
John Locke - Life, Liberty, Property (Changed to Pursuit of Happiness) --> Social Contract Theory - Government protects the people
Montesquieu- Separation of Powers - Branches of Government T IS A TREE
They supported the idea that people have rights to life, liberty, and property and can overthrow unjust governments
How did the North and South differ before the Civil War? (economically, politically, resources, etc?)
The North was industrial with factories, while the South was agricultural and relied on enslaved labor
The North had more railroads and factories, while the South depended more on rivers and agriculture
What problems in cities increased because of rapid industrialization during the Gilded Age?
Overcrowding, tenement housing, pollution, and unsafe working conditions
What event on October 29, 1929, marked the beginning of the Great Depression? What were some additional CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION - list at least 2 others
Overproduction, stock market crash - Black Tuesday, bank failures, and unequal wealth distribution caused economic collapse
What did the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, and Eisenhower Doctrine have in common?
Had the goal of containing the spread of communism by providing aid (financial or military) to countries threatened by it
How did the economies of the New England (Northern) and Southern colonies differ before the American Revolution?
New England relied on trade, shipbuilding, and small farms, while the Southern colonies relied on plantation agriculture and enslaved labor
What did the Supreme Court rule in the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision regarding Congress and slavery in the territories?
Congress could not ban slavery in U.S. territories because enslaved people were considered property, they do not get constitutional rights.
How did labor unions and industrial leaders differ in their goals and strategies?
Unions fought for better wages and conditions through strikes, while industrial leaders focused on profits and often opposed unions
What was one result of the Spanish-American War that showed the United States expanding overseas?
The United States gained control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Helped Cuba gain independence from Spain.
Why did the United States become involved in the Vietnam War?
The U.S. wanted to stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia based on the Domino Theory
What specific weakness of the Articles of Confederation was exposed by Shays’ Rebellion? What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
The national government could not raise a federal army or effectively respond to internal unrest
The federal government could not tax, regulate trade, or enforce laws, leading to the creation of a stronger central government
How did Reconstruction amendments reflect a shift in the federal government’s role in protecting civil rights?
The federal government passed amendments and laws to protect rights of formerly enslaved people and increased its power over states
Which Progressive Era reform allowed voters to directly elect U.S. senators instead of state legislatures choosing them?
The 17th Amendment
How did the New Deal change the relationship between citizens and the federal government? LIST 3 PROGRAMS AND WHAT THEY DID
The Works Progress Administration (WPA) : provided jobs through large public works projects like roads, bridges, and dams?
AAA : Agricultural Adjustment Act - Paid farmers to not plant certain crops to prevent overproductions
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Commission - Insures money in banks
Others...
Which two major laws were passed during the Civil Rights Movement to end segregation and protect voting rights?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
What was the major disagreement between Federalists and Anti-Federalists during the ratification of the Constitution?
Federalists supported a stronger national government, while Anti-Federalists feared federal power and demanded a Bill of Rights
What were the Reconstruction amendments passed? And WHY ?
13th - Abolished Slavery
14th - Birthright Citizenship
15th - African American men right to vote
How did immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe contribute to Progressive reforms in American cities?
Growing immigrant populations increased concerns about poverty, sanitation, and labor conditions, leading reformers to push for housing, workplace, and public health reforms
How did World War II change opportunities for women and African Americans on the home front? BE SPECIFIC
Women entered industrial jobs in large numbers, and African Americans gained factory work opportunities during the Great Migration and Double V Campaign
How did the development of computers and the internet during the post–Cold War era change the U.S. economy?
The economy shifted from manufacturing to technology and information-based industries, increasing globalization and digital communication