Early Republic & Federal Authority
This 1789 statute organized the Supreme Court and established lower federal courts.
Judiciary Act of 1789
This religious revival emphasized personal salvation and inspired reform efforts.
Second Great Awakening
This novel exposed slavery’s brutality and influenced Northern opinion.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
This belief claimed the U.S. was destined by God to expand across North America.
Manifest Destiny
This 1863 order freed enslaved people in Confederate territory.
Emancipation Proclamation
This wave of anti-immigrant sentiment targeted Irish and German newcomers.
Nativism
This philosophical movement represented by writers such as Emerson and Whitman stressed individualism, intuition, and nature.
Transcendentalism
This formerly enslaved man became a leading abolitionist writer and speaker.
Frederick Douglass
This 1830 law led to the forced relocation of Native Americans.
Indian Removal Act
This Union campaign brought total war to the South in 1864.
Sherman's March
This 1840 Presidential campaign used frontier imagery to appeal to the “common man.”
“Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign
This reformer championed public education and teacher training.
Horace Mann
This 1859 raid aimed to spark a widespread slave revolt.
Harpers Ferry
This route carried settlers west to the Pacific Northwest in search of land.
Oregon Trail
This agency assisted formerly enslaved people after the war with education, housing, contract negotiation, and land redistribution.
Freedmen's Bureau
This doctrine asserted that the Western Hemisphere was closed to future European colonization and political influence.
Monroe Doctrine
This Ohio college was a pioneer in coeducation for women and racial inclusion.
Oberlin College
This Underground Railroad conductor led enslaved people to freedom.
Harriet Tubman
This president oversaw major territorial expansion and war with Mexico.
James K. Polk
This amendment guaranteed voting rights regardless of race.
Fifteenth Amendment
Enacted in 1798 after the “Quasi-War” with France, these controversial laws targeted immigrants and restricted criticism of the federal government.
Alien and Sedition Acts
This 1848 convention launched the organized women’s rights movement.
Seneca Falls Convention
This 1831 uprising in Virginia was one of the largest slave rebellions.
Nat Turner's Rebellion
This 1854 law let settlers decide the issue of slavery in new territories.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
This 1867 law placed the South under military rule during Reconstruction until the states adopted constitutions that granted universal male suffrage and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment.
Reconstruction Act