The Shakers and Movers of the U.S.
He founded a major oil company and created a near-monopoly over the U.S. oil industry in the late 19th century.
Who is John D. Rockefeller?
This 1781 battle in Virginia effectively ended major fighting in the Revolution and led to British surrender.
What is the Siege of Yorktown?
He established the precedent of a two-term limit and warned against entangling foreign alliances in his Farewell Address.
Who is George Washington?
During this 1980s operation, U.S. officials secretly funded and armed Contras in Nicaragua, violating congressional restrictions.
What is the Iran-Contra affair?
This 1863 executive order not only freed slaves in Confederate territory but also authorized the enrollment of Black men into the Union Army.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
He founded the Niagara Movement, a precursor to the NAACP, advocating for full civil rights for Black Americans.
Who is W.E.B. Du Bois?
This 1786–1787 uprising of Massachusetts farmers protesting high taxes and debt collection highlighted weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation.
What is Shays’ Rebellion?
This President's "Square Deal" sought to regulate corporation and protect consumers.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This 1865 event marked the end of major Confederate resistance and the effective conclusion of the Civil War.
What is the surrender at Appomattox Court House?
This 1964 legislation outlawed discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and federally funded programs.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
She was an early 20th-century African American journalist who wrote extensively on racial injustice in the South.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
This 20th-century Black American cultural movement centered on Black identity, art, and literature during the 1920s.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
He signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, leading to the forced relocation of Native Americans along the Trail of Tears.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
Following this 1898 conflict, the U.S. acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking the nation’s emergence as an imperial power.
What is the Spanish-American War?
This event triggered a decade-long economic depression, with massive unemployment and widespread poverty.
What is the Stock Market Crash of 1929 / start of the Great Depression?
This general devised a scorched-earth campaign through Georgia in 1864, destroying Confederate infrastructure.
Who is William Tecumseh Sherman?
This 1850s armed resistance in Kansas Territory involved settlers on both sides of the slavery debate clashing in what became a violent guerrilla conflict.
What is Bleeding Kansas?
His presidency was defined by the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark expedition, doubling U.S. territory despite constitutional debate.
Who is Thomas Jefferson?
This naval battle in 1862 was the first clash between ironclad warships, signaling a revolution in naval warfare.
Battle of Hampton Roads / USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia?
This 1896 ruling upheld racial segregation under the doctrine of “separate but equal,” a decision not overturned until 1954.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress, was an early advocate for a strong federal government, and co-authored the Federalist Papers.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
This 1921 riot involved white residents attacking Black neighborhoods, particularly in Greenwood, a prosperous Black community known as “Black Wall Street.”
What is the Tulsa Race Massacre / Tulsa Race Riot?
This 1890 foreign policy, emphasized the U.S. as an emerging power in the Pacific, using the concept of “modern imperialism” to justify annexation.
What is the annexation of Hawaii / U.S. imperial policy in the Pacific?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War but unintentionally set the stage for decades of sectional conflict over this issue.
What is the expansion of slavery into new territories?
This 1876 political crisis resulted in a disputed presidential election, eventually resolved by a special congressional commission.
What is the Compromise of 1877?