A
Which countries were initially a part of the triple alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Which countries were initially a part of the triple entente?
France, Russia, and Great Britian
What was the most important treaty that was signed at the end of WWI?
The Treaty of Versailles
What mistake did Wilson make as tried to be a diplomat at the end of the war?
He included no prominent Republicans even though they controlled Congress would need to approve Wilson’s plans
What was the US response to League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles?
The US never joined the League of Nations nor ratified the Treaty of Versailles
Which 3 countries made up the ABC powers?
Argentina, Brazil, and Chile
What happened with the Lusitania?
-Germany announced it would follow unrestricted submarine warfare
--Advertisements in American papers
-Sinking of the Lusitania, many Americans died
When did the armistice take effect (date and time)?
November 11, 1918, at 11:00 AM
Who were the Harlem Hellfighters and what did they do?
They were a troop of African American soldiers—fought bravely but were treated poorly because of racism
What was ironic about the treaty’s reconsideration?
Wilson bitterly fought any changes, and, thus, helped to defeat it
Who was Pancho Villa and what did he do?
He was a Mexican leader (who was supported by the US for a time and then Wilson withdrew support). Villa went on to kill US citizens and evaded capture.
What was Wilson’s reelection slogan? What is significant about the grammar of the slogan?
He kept us out of war? It is in the past tense—not a promise
What was the Selective Service Act?
National draft
How did the War impact US patriotism?
-Anti-German sentiment
-Espionage and Sedition Acts
-Criminal offense to criticize the war effort in any way
-Upheld in Schenk v. United States
When Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, what were two harsh measures they signed?
The war-guilt clause
Reparation of $30 billion
Why were Americans divided about the war?
America was a melting pot so different groups of people tended to have different allegiances to the war powers
What was the Sussex pledge?
Germany promised to follow international law
Explain whether or not the US was ready to enter the war?
No, for example, it took about a year for the nation’s industry to convert to wartime production
How was the Allies morale when the US entered (how do you know this—think about some French troops)?
Low—for example, French soldiers were mutinous
What were the 3 groups in the Senate?
Democrats, Irreconcilables, Reservationists
What is the first trigger for war and what did it mean? Would you be able to explain how it helped lead to US entry into WWI?
The Trade Trigger
-American trade with the Central Powers practically ceased
-Loans were granted to the Allied Powers
-“Pro-Allies neutrality”
What is the second trigger for war and what did it mean? Would you be able to explain how it helped lead to US entry into WWI?
Submarine Warfare
-The Germans had U-boats
-Germany declared the seas around Britain to be a war zone
-unrestricted submarine warfare—eventually would lead America to break ties with Germany
What was the third trigger for war and what did it mean? Would you be able to explain how it helped lead to US entry into WWI?
The Zimmerman Telegram
-Germany offered to help Mexico reclaim American territory
-Americans were outraged
Who were the Big Four, which country did they represent, and what did they want at the end of the war?
-David Lloyd George, Britain, some revenge, control of the sea, reparations
-Vittorio Orlando, Italy, wanted stuff but didn’t do much, land
-Georges Clemenceau, France, lots of revenge, land neutral zone, reparations
-President Wilson, US, no revenge, 14 Points acceptance
Why did Wilson’s health suffer (near end of war)?
Because he was campaigning for his treaty