ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Which economic system was a driving force behind European colonization, emphasizing that the "Mother Country" (England) should take economic advantage of its colonies?
A. Socialism
B. Federalism
C. Mercantilism
D. Popular Sovereignty
C. Mercantilism
What was the first successful and permanent English colony established in North America?
A. Plymouth
B. Massachusetts Bay
C. Jamestown
D. New York
C. Jamestown
The first elected legislative body in the colonies, which became a model for self-government in the Southern region, was the:
A. House of Burgesses
B. Town Meeting
C. Mayflower Compact
D. Committees of Correspondence
A. House of Burgesses
Which colonial region was settled primarily for religious purposes and was known for having poor, rocky soil and a cold climate that limited agriculture?
A. Southern Colonies
B. New England Colonies
C. Mid-Atlantic Colonies
D. Western Colonies
B. New England Colonies
Which cash crop, introduced by John Rolfe, saved the Jamestown colony but also initiated Virginia's long-term dependence on slavery?
A. Rice
B. Wheat
C. Tobacco
D. Corn
C. Tobacco
The New England Colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding and mercantile trade primarily because their geography provided:
A. A long growing season and fertile soil.
B. A dense Native American population for trade.
C. Rich forests for timber and good harbors for Atlantic trade.
D. Abundant wheat and corn crops.
C. Rich forests for timber and good harbors for Atlantic trade.
In the Southern Colonies, the establishment of the House of Burgesses and the revolt led by Bacon's Rebellion together illustrated the emerging colonial tradition of:
A. Local self-government, followed by the expectation that the government should protect the interests of all social classes.
B. A return to British rule after failed attempts at autonomy.
C. The immediate abolition of slavery and the plantation system.
D. An exclusive focus on religious freedom over economic opportunity.
A. Local self-government, followed by the expectation that the government should protect the interests of all social classes.
The fact that some colonies were established for religious freedom (Maryland/Catholics) while others practiced strict intolerance (Massachusetts/Puritans) ultimately led to the development of which foundational American idea?
A. Social mobility
B. Separation of church and state
C. Direct democracy
D. Agrarian society
B. Separation of church and state
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies' economic activity was a mixture of trade and agriculture because their geography was:
A. Identical to the South, allowing only for cash crops.
B. A combination of characteristics, including access to great rivers for trade and land suitable for planting large crops like wheat.
C. Identical to New England, allowing only for shipbuilding.
D. Entirely controlled by the Dutch until the American Revolution.
B. A combination of characteristics, including access to great rivers for trade and land suitable for planting large crops like wheat.
Which colonial region did King Phillip's War occur which almost destroyed this region?
A. Mid-Atlantic Colonies
B. Atlantic Colonies
C. New England Colonies
D. Southern Colonies
C. New England Colonies
The primary goal of a nation operating under Mercantilism was to reduce imports while maximizing: A. Indentured servants.
B. Exports.
C. Religious tolerance.
D. Legislative bodies.
B. Exports.
The Southern Colonies became dependent on African slavery because their economy was based on:
A. Fishing and shipbuilding, requiring skilled free labor.
B. Cash crop agriculture (like tobacco), which demanded a large, permanent, and unpaid labor force.
C. The trade of manufactured goods from England.
D. The strictly religious values of the Puritan settlers.
B. Cash crop agriculture (like tobacco), which demanded a large, permanent, and unpaid labor force.
Which description best explains why the New England town meetings were a direct illustration of colonial self-government?
A. They were organized by the British Parliament to enforce taxes.
B. Laws were passed directly by the colonists, based on religious values, showing a desire to rule themselves.
C. They established the principle of religious tolerance for all denominations.
D. They exclusively elected a governor appointed by the King.
B. Laws were passed directly by the colonists, based on religious values, showing a desire to rule themselves.
The brutal execution of people for behavior not in line with strict religious teachings, as demonstrated by the Salem Witch Trials, is an example of the religious practices of which colonial group?
A. Dissidents of Rhode Island
B. Tolerant Quakers
C. Intolerant Puritans
D. Catholics of Maryland
C. Intolerant Puritans
Why was slave labor important to the economy of the Southern Colonies?
A. Free labor was needed to work the rocky soil and harsh conditions to produce cash crops.
B. Free labor was needed to work the long growing season to produce cash crops.
C. Paid workers was needed to work the rocky soil and harsh conditions to produce cash crops.
D. Paid workers was needed to work the long growing season to produce cash crops.
B. Free labor was needed to work the long growing season to produce cash crops.
Evaluate the three colonial regions. The most critical factor determining the different economic and social characteristics of the New England, Mid-Atlantic, and Southern Colonies was:
A. The strength of the House of Burgesses in each region.
B. The level of violence used by the Sons of Liberty.
C. The unique geographic characteristics (soil, climate, access to water/forests) of each region.
D. The success of the Trans-Atlantic Trade route.
C. The unique geographic characteristics (soil, climate, access to water/forests) of each region.
Which statement best synthesizes the core conflict illustrated by both the Powhatan resistance in the South and King Philip's War in New England?
A. Both conflicts were religious wars between Protestants and Catholics.
B. Both conflicts were attempts by Native Americans to introduce tobacco cultivation.
C. Both conflicts were driven by colonial population growth and the resulting encroachment on Native American lands.
D. Both conflicts were resolved peacefully through trade and compensation.
C. Both conflicts were driven by colonial population growth and the resulting encroachment on Native American lands.
The development of the House of Burgesses in Virginia (South) and Town Meetings in Massachusetts (New England) best supports the idea that the period of colonization led to:
A. Immediate and total independence from Britain.
B. A unified national government based on strict Puritan values.
C. The mandatory acceptance of African slavery in all 13 colonies.
D. A unified national government based on strict Puritan values. The emergence of independent traditions of local self-government across all colonial regions.
D. A unified national government based on strict Puritan values. The emergence of independent traditions of local self-government across all colonial regions.
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies served as a successful buffer between the Puritan North and the agrarian South primarily because the region embodied:
A. A mixture of economic activities (trade and agriculture) and a more diverse, tolerant population.
B. The extremes of intolerance and economic specialization.
C. Complete reliance on a single cash crop and slave labor.
D. Exclusive reliance on the leadership of the House of Burgesses.
A. A mixture of economic activities (trade and agriculture) and a more diverse, tolerant population.
The Powhatan tribe initially helped the Jamestown settlers survive the "Starving Times," but relations quickly turned violent because:
A. The colonists refused to share their finished goods.
B. The Powhatans wanted to adopt the House of Burgesses as their government.
C. The growing colonial population encroached further onto the Native Americans' hunting grounds and land.
D. The colonists intentionally brought disease to the tribe.
C. The growing colonial population encroached further onto the Native Americans' hunting grounds and land.
Analyze the impact of Mercantilism on the colonies. To benefit the Mother Country, this system required the colonies to consistently:
A. Manufacture their own finished goods and reduce their exports.
B. Supply raw materials to England and serve as a market for England's finished goods.
C. Establish religious tolerance and self-government.
D. Engage in continuous warfare with the Native Americans.
B. Supply raw materials to England and serve as a market for England's finished goods.
How did the Southern colonies’ reliance on slavery shape society?
A. It increased social mobility for all classes
B. It created a rigid social hierarchy based on wealth and race
C. It eliminated the need for cash crops
D. It encouraged religious freedom
B. It created a rigid social hierarchy based on wealth and race
The settlement patterns of the Catholics in Maryland, the Puritans in Massachusetts, and the Quakers in Pennsylvania collectively contributed to the eventual American value of:
A. Intolerance toward all dissenting ideas.
B. The protection of diverse religions and the idea of separating church authority from state governance.
C. The elimination of social mobility.
D. The need for cash crop farming in the North.
B. The protection of diverse religions and the idea of separating church authority from state governance.
The Mid-Atlantic Colonies had a more peaceful relationship with Native Americans compared to the other two regions due to their interactions focusing mainly on:
A. Religious conversion through strict Puritan doctrine.
B. Trade, and attempts by leaders (like William Penn) to compensate Natives for land.
C. Forcing Native Americans into permanent slave labor.
D. Engaging in continuous, large-scale conflicts like King Philip's War.
B. Trade, and attempts by leaders (like William Penn) to compensate Natives for land.
The formation of the House of Burgesses in Jamestown and the direct democracy of town meetings in Puritan Massachusetts together represent the colonial trend of:
A. Relying on Britain for all lawmaking.
B. The rapid expansion of cash crop agriculture.
C. Limiting voting rights to only wealthy, land-owning white males.
D. Developing distinct, regional examples of local self-rule and governance.
D. Developing distinct, regional examples of local self-rule and governance.