Reconstruction
This Lincoln proposal required 10% of a Southern state's voters to take an oath of loyalty before reentering the Union.
What is the 10% plan?
This belief held that the United States was ordained by God to expand its boundaries all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
What is Manifest Destiny?
Formed in 1892, this political party (also called the People's Party) demanded a graduated income tax, silver coinage, an 8-hour workday, and popular election of Senators.
What is the Populist Party?
This industrial titan built a massive monopoly over the American oil industry through his company, Standard Oil.
Who was John D. Rockefeller?
This popular 2,000-mile trail across the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains was used by thousands of settlers traveling west in covered wagons.
What is the Oregon Trail?
Ratified in January 1865, this Constitutional Amendment officially banned slavery throughout the entire United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Democratic candidate James K. Polk used this northern latitude slogan during the Election of 1844 regarding the Oregon boundary dispute with Britain.
What is "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!"?
High shipping costs and high interest on machinery loans led this group of workers to unite and form the Populist Movement.
Who are Farmers?
Critical term used to describe powerful business magnates (like Vanderbilt, Carnegie, and Morgan) accused of using ruthless methods to eliminate competition.
What are Robber Barons?
This federal organization was created in March 1865 to help newly freed African Americans adjust by providing food, clothing, schools, and medical care.
What is the Freedmen's Bureau?
These restrictive laws passed by Southern states in 1866 aimed to limit African Americans' freedom and control their labor.
What were the Black Codes?
Fortune seekers who rushed to California following the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill in 1848 earned this nickname.
What are the 49ers?
This Democratic and Populist presidential nominee in the Election of 1896 gave famous speeches advocating for free silver, but lost narrowly to Republican William McKinley.
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
Powerful political organizations (like Tammany Hall) controlled city activities by providing jobs and naturalization help to immigrants in exchange for their votes.
What are Political Machines (or Political Bosses)?
Founded by Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1867, this organization (also known as the Patrons of Husbandry) provided education and cooperative strength for struggling farmers.
What is The Grange?
President Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House after violating this law by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton without Senate approval.
What is the Tenure of Office Act?
This 1848 peace treaty officially ended the Mexican-American War and ceded California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona and New Mexico to the U.S.
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
These individuals favored "bimetallism" (backing money with both gold and silver) to increase the money supply and cause inflation so crop prices would rise.
Who were the Silverites?
Founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in Chicago in 1889, this famous settlement house provided support, classes, and assistance to poor immigrants.
What is Hull House?
During the Mexican-American War in 1846, American settlers in Northern California revolted and briefly declared independence under this name.
What is the Bear Flag Republic?
Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction were derogatorily called this, while Southern Union supporters were called scalawags.
What are Carpetbaggers?
This Lakota leader helped defeat General Custer at Little Bighorn, fled to Canada, and later toured in Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show.
Who was Sitting Bull?
Wealthy bankers and conservative "Gold Bugs" favored the gold standard because tighter money supplies produced this economic effect where prices drop and money gains value.
What is Deflation?
This tragic 1911 NYC industrial disaster resulted in the deaths of 146 female garment workers due to locked exit doors, sparking major workplace safety reforms.
What is the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
This groundbreaking metallurgical technique made mass-producing steel cheap and efficient, enabling the construction of skyscrapers and suspension bridges.
What is the Bessemer Process?