Age of Exploration
When did Columbus discover America?
"In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue"
Name the 3 groups the Colonies are organized into
New England, Middle, South
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
A group of colonists who met in secret to plan protests of the monarchy
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
The 15 million dollar (3 cents an acre) purchase of a large portion of the lands left of the Mississippi river
What was a mill? What was it used to power?
A machine powered by flowing water that did some of the work involved in cloth making
What was Columbus looking for & who was he sailing for?
He sailed for the Spanish crown looking for an alternate sea route to Asia (Specifically India)
Who were the pilgrims?
Strict religious separatists who sailed to New England in 1620 to escape religious persecution
What was the colonists chief complaint about taxes?
Taxation without representation
What were the names of the famous adventurers who explored the new lands bought in the Louisiana purchase
What was a major societal change?
People began leaving their homes and farms to work in mills and factories
What are the 3 G's that motivated people to explore?
God, Glory, and gold
What was the Mayflower Compact? Why was it important?
It was a document written by the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower. It was the first written example of self governing outside of the British crown in North America
When was the Declaration of Independence written?
July 4th, 1776
What was impressment?
The stopping of American ships to search for suspected British deserters. If they found any, they forced them to join the British navy. They also began doing this to hundreds of American citizens.
Name 3 inventions from the FIRST industrial revolution
Water frame & spinning jenny, Power loom, Cotton gin, Steam engine, Seed drill, Iron plow, Machine tools, Interchangeable parts, Mechanical clocks
Name a negative impact of European exploration of the Americas
Indigenous population decline – millions died from diseases (smallpox, measles) brought by Europeans.
Slavery & exploitation – Transatlantic Slave Trade began; forced labor in colonies.
Colonization & conquest – native peoples lost land, resources, and freedom.
Cultural destruction – suppression of local traditions, languages, and religions.
Environmental damage – overexploitation of resources; introduction of invasive species.
Conflict & violence – wars between European powers and against native groups.
Wealth inequality – riches concentrated in Europe; colonies often impoverished.
What type of labor did the Southern Colonies rely on for large-scale farming?
Slave labor
What was the first battle of the revolution?
Lexington and Concord
What was the Embargo Act?
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a U.S. law, signed by President Thomas Jefferson, that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign ports, aiming to pressure Britain and France to respect U.S. neutrality
When did the Second industrial revolution happen?
Post Civil War from 1861 to 1914
Name a positive impact of European exploration of the Americas
Geographic knowledge – better maps, discovery of new lands
Trade & exchange – new crops/animals shared (Columbian Exchange)
Economic growth – wealth from gold/silver, expanded trade routes
Cultural exchange – mix of ideas, languages, art, traditions
Science & navigation – improved ships, compass, astrolabe, maps
Spread of Christianity – missionaries introduced religion globally
Globalization begins – world more connected than ever before
Why was the Triangle Trade system profitable for some but devastating for others?
It exploited resources and people in certain regions while benefiting others economically.
What was the purpose of the first Continental Congress?
To discuss the "intolerable acts" and draft a letter to the King of England about their complaints
How long was the War of 1812?
June 1812 - February 1815
Name an invention from the SECOND industrial revolution
Light bulb, Electric power systems, AC, Telephone, Radio, Cars, Assembly lines, Steel railroads, Skyscrapers, Vaccines & antiseptics, Germ Theory, Sewing machines, Typewriters, Refrigeration, Electric appliances, Fertilizers for crops