The Gilded Age
What were some of the push factors that attracted immigrants to the US? Pull factors?
push-poverty, famine, war, religious persecution, lack of social mobility, overpopulation
pull-jobs, religious freedom, independent spirit, social mobility
What is the 16th Amendment?
income tax
Why were Americans interested in settling Hawaii?
missionaries, sugar plantations, build military bases
What was the Great Migration?
mass movement of African-Americans from agricultural south to north for better-paying industrial jobs
What were flappers?
independent, fashionable women of 1920s who drank, smoke, and went to parties
What were the major causes of the Great Depression?
buying on credit, overproduction, farmers struggled, wealth inequality
Why were time zones created?
organize schedule for railroads
What is the 17th Amendment?
direct election of US Senators
How did some Americans feel about the purchase of Alaska? Were they correct?
Seward's Folly (cold, far, dark, worthless land); no..Alaska is resource-rich (oil, minerals, gold, lumber)
What was the Selective Service Act?
random selection of young men to fight in the military
Describe the economy of the 1920s. How did advertising change during the 1920s?
economic boom, people buying goods on credit; manipulative psychology to convince buyers that they need the product
What was Herbert Hoover’s approach to ending the Depression? Franklin Roosevelt’s?
New Deal programs; stimulate economy, restructure banks, assist poor citizens
Explain how the Transcontinental Railroad was completed during the 1860s?
What are the 18th and 19th Amendments?
Prohibition
women have the right to vote
What happened in the Spanish-American War? Who fought to win Cuba?
Spain and US fought over Cuba (provoked by explosion of USS Maine); Rough Riders (led by Theodore Roosevelt)
What was the convoy system?
destroyers accompany commercial ships across the Atlantic Ocean
What was the importance of automobiles during the 1920s?
people could live farther from work (suburbs start to develop), independence (teenagers could drive to clubs); access to stores and cinema for rural communities; jobs created by development of highways and highway towns
What were the effects of the Depression on people in the cities?
shantytowns, soup kitchens/bread lines, unemployment
Why was the late 1800s referred to as the Gilded Age?
economic growth, mass influx of immigration, wealth inequality
Explain the goals of President Roosevelt’s Square Deal.
break up trusts and make corporations follow rules; protect consumers rights; conserve environment
What did the US win as a result of winning this war?
Cuba (protectorate), Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines
How were German-Americans treated during World War I?
lost jobs, removal/censorship of German language books, music, art, etc., physical violence
What was Prohibition? How did it effect society?
ban on manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol; organized crime, bootlegging, speakeasies
What were the effects of the Depression on people in rural areas?
farms were foreclosed (taken by banks), tenant farming, Dust Bowl
Explain the strategies that Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller used to become wealthy?
Carnegie-vertical (buying out all companies involved in production) and horizontal integration (buying all competitors)
Rockefeller-lower prices to drive competitors out of business then raising them; creating trusts that gave him a monopoly
Explain the foreign policy of President Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.
Roosevelt-big stick diplomacy (use force if necessary)
Taft-dollar diplomacy (cover debts of developing nations, receive money from infrastructure projects)
Wilson-moral diplomacy (assist democratic govts. in Latin America)
What was the Red Scare? Palmer Raids? Quota System? Sacco and Vanzetti?
fear of communism, raid on homes and offices of suspected communists and anarchists; restriction on number of immigrants; Italian immigrants executed with little evidence because of their political beliefs
Explain the purpose of the following New Deal programs:
CCC
AAA
FDIC
WPA
SSA
give young men jobs on conservation projects
raise value of crops by controlling amount grown
insure people's bank accounts
create jobs for millions of unemployed Americans
provide benefits for sick and elderly