WESTWARD EXPANSION & GILDED AGE
INDUSTRIALIZATION & BIG BUSINESS
PROGRESSIVE ERA
Foreign and Domestic Policy
WORLD WAR I
ROARING TWENTIES
NEW DEAL
Great Depression
Presidents
Civil Rights & Reform Movements
100
This 1862 law encouraged settlers to move west by providing 160 acres of free land.
The Homestead Act
100
This business practice involves buying out competitors in the same industry.
horizontal integration
100
She founded Hull House and worked to help immigrants in Chicago.
Jane Addams
100
This war in 1898 resulted in the U.S. gaining territories like Puerto Rico and Guam.
Spanish-American War
100
His assassination in 1914 sparked the start of WWI.
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
100
This amendment started Prohibition.
18th Amendment
100
This agency makes bank deposits safer by insuring them up to a certain amount.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
100
This photograph entitled "Migrant Mother" which came to represent the hardships of the Great Depression was taken by what famous photographer?
Dorothea Lange
100
FDR used these friendly evening radio addresses to reassure Americans.
Fireside Chats
100
This 1896 case upheld “separate but equal.”
Plessy v. Ferguson
200
This belief held that the U.S. was destined to expand across the continent.
Manifest Destiny
200
This business strategy involves controlling all steps of production from raw materials to sales.
vertical integration
200
This 1913 law created the nation’s banking system and controls the money supply.
The Federal Reserve Act
200
This naval officer wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History and pushed for a stronger navy.
Alfred T. Mahan
200
This telegram from Germany encouraged Mexico to attack the U.S. during WWI.
What is the Zimmerman Telegram?
200
These fashionable young women challenged traditional norms with dress and behavior.
Flappers
200
This is the biggest legacy of the New Deal.
The U.S. government taking a larger role in people's lives.
200
The nickname for shanty towns and tent villages filled with people who had lost their homes or jobs during the Great Depression.
Hoovervilles
200
This philosophy guided conservative Presidents' approach to the economy through the 1920s, emphasizing limited federal intervention.
Laissez-faire
200
This group wanted to restrict immigration out of fear and prejudice.
Nativists
300
This 1887 law attempted to force Native Americans to assimilate by breaking up tribal lands and ending their tradition of communal living.
The Dawes Act
300
This powerful financier helped bail out the U.S. economy and controlled major corporations.
J.P. Morgan
300
This type of journalist exposed problems in society, such as Ida B. Wells with The Red Record.
Muckraker
300
The United States supported a revolution in Panama at the turn of the 20th century in order to
secure the right to build a canal through Central America.
300
This Supreme Court case ruled that free speech could be limited during wartime.
What is Schenck v. United States?
300
This cultural movement celebrated African American music, art, and literature.
The Harlem Renaissance
300
This New Deal program provided jobs building dams and power plants in the South.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
300
What aspect of the Great Depression is illustrated by this political cartoon?
Bank failures
300
Taft’s policy of influencing Latin America through economic investment rather than military force.
Dollar Diplomacy
300
This woman reshaped the role of First Lady, held her own press conferences and radio addresses, spoke up for civil rights, and advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace.
Eleanor Roosevelt
400
This boarding school in Pennsylvania aimed to erase Native culture by forcing cultural assimilation.
Carlisle Indian School
400
This organization was the first major labor union and accepted skilled and unskilled workers.
The Knights of Labor
400
This 1906 law was passed partly due to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle.
Meat Inspection Act
400
This policy stated that the U.S. had the right to intervene in Latin America to maintain stability.
The Roosevelt Corollary
400
Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI included the League of Nations.
What are the Fourteen Points?
400
This trial highlighted the conflict between science and religion in the 1920s.
The Scopes “Monkey” Trial
400
This massive jobs program built roads, bridges, parks, and public buildings.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
400
This October 1929 collapse of stock prices as investors rushed to sell off shares caused stock prices to drop dramatically.
Stock Market Crash
400
FDR’s New Deal was influenced by the ideas of this British economist who believed in government deficit spending to stimulate recovery.
John Maynard Keynes (Keynesian Economics)
400
This civil rights leader called for vocational training and gradual equality.
Booker T Washington
500
These organizations offered jobs, housing assistance, and favors in return for votes.
Political machines
500
Banks and the wealthy opposed this aspect of the Populist Party platform because it would cause economic inflation.
Bimetalism
500
This law strengthened antitrust regulations and protected labor unions from being considered illegal.
Clayton Antitrust Act
500
This 1900 foreign policy encouraged open and equal trade in China and opposed spheres of influence.
Open Door Policy
500
These 1918 laws made it illegal to criticize the government or war effort.
The Espionage and Sedition Acts
500
This other nickname for the decade came from the new popular form of music that took over clubs and radios.
The Jazz Age
500
His "Share Our Wealth" program criticized FDR for not doing enough to help the poor.
Huey Long
500
During the early 1930s, this occurred when fearful depositors rushed to withdraw their money, causing many banks to collapse.
Bank runs
500
What is the modern equivalent of FDR's "Fireside Chats?
Presidential press conferences
500
This African American leader demanded immediate political and social equality.
WEB Dubois
600
This invention transformed the cattle industry by effectively fencing off land from competitors and ending open-range cattle drives.
Barbed wire
600
This invention made steel cheaper and helped build railroads and skyscrapers.
Bessemer process
600
These violent confrontations (Haymarket, Homestead, Pullman, Great Railroad) challenged business owners and fought for fair treatment of workers in the late 1800s.
Major labor strikes
600
"There are those who believe that, if you only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, their prosperity will leak through on those below. The Democratic idea, however, has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous, their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them." - William Jennings Bryan, 1896.
Which policy did William Jennings Bryan promote using arguments such as the one in the quotation?
Bimetalism and opposition to the Gold Standard
600
This term describes pride and loyalty to one’s nation, contributing to WWI.
Nationalism
600
Fear of radical political ideas during the early 1920s led to this movement that demanded strict limits on immigration and free speech.
The Red Scare
600
This New Deal program provided benefits for retired people and the unemployed and was funded through a payroll tax.
Social Security Administration (SSA)
600
The photograph below shows a condition of the 1930s caused by what two factors?
Drought and overfarming
600
This president was elected in 1932 and promised “bold, persistent experimentation.”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
600
This major goal of the Progressive women's movement was achieved in 1920.
Suffrage
700
This image is "Spirit of the Frontier," a painting by John Gast from 1872. It shows American settlers moving west with the aid of technology and the protection of the goddess Columbia. In it, American Indians were presented as…
Obstacles to American progress.
700
These wealthy industrialists were criticized for ruthless business practices and huge fortunes.
Robber Barons
700
Prior to the 1930s, the vast majority of immigrants to the United States came from
Europe
700
Roosevelt’s approach, “Speak softly and carry a big stick,” relied on this.
Strong navy (Great White Fleet)
700
This 1915 sinking began turning American opinion against Germany.
Lusitania
700
These two Italian immigrant anarchists were controversially convicted and executed in the 1920s, becoming symbols of fear and prejudice during the Red Scare.
Sacco and Vanzetti
700
The ultimate purpose of the New Deal was to
End the Great Depression
700
What group is Clifford Burke describing in this quote?
"It didn't mean too much to him, The Great American Depression, as you call it. There was no such thing. The best he could be is a janitor or a porter or a shoeshine boy."
African Americans
700
“Speak softly and carry a big stick” described this president’s foreign policy style.
Theodore Roosevelt
700
This ideology argued the wealthy had a duty to use their money for the good of society.
Gospel of Wealth
800
From 1865–1900, this expanding transportation network fueled industrial growth.
Railroads
800
This business practice aims to dominate an entire industry by eliminating competition, often leading to higher prices and less consumer choice.
Monopolies
800
Which laws were introduced with an aim to reduce and eliminate the activity shown in this photograph?
compulsory education laws
800
"The annexation of Hawaii will benefit none but the sugar king of that island, and his benefits will be bought and presented to him by the American people. Let Hawaii remain an independent republic. The United States should not begin the policy of reaching across the waves to grasp new territory." - Omaha World Herald in Public Opinion (24 June 1897)
This writer most likely rejected which U.S. approach to foreign policy?
Imperialism
800
This cause of World War I involved nations building up large, powerful armies and navies.
Militarism
800
What was the major result of Prohibition in the United States during the 1920’s?
Increase in organized crime
800
This program paid farmers to reduce production to raise crop prices.
Agricultural Adjustment Act/Administration (AAA)
800
This photograph depicts a program created by what famous mobster?
Al Capone (Scarface)
800
Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program that focused on consumer protection, corporate regulation, and conservation.
The Square Deal
800
This law banned immigration from China in 1882.
Chinese Exclusion Act
900
“This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to…produce the most beneficial results for the community…the man who dies rich, dies disgraced.” - Andrew Carnegie, 1887
The sentiments expressed above are characteristic of this philosophy...
The Gospel of Wealth
900
Henry Ford’s production of the Model T automobile in the early 20th century demonstrated the economic benefit of greater efficiencies in production through this innovation...
The assembly line
900
All of the policies pursued by President Theodore Roosevelt were supportive of the primary objectives of American Progressives (antitrust laws, government regulation of industry, conservation) EXCEPT...
Imperialistic expansion and takeover of developing Latin American countries
900
Which numbered island or island grouping represents territory acquired by the United States after the Spanish-American War?
3 (Puerto Rico)
900
Data from the graph shown supports the conclusion that World War 1 did this...
significantly benefited the American economy
900
During the 1920’s, controversies concerning Prohibition, the behavior of “flappers”, immigration, and the Scopes trial were all signs of disagreement over...
Traditional values and changing lifestyles
900
This FDR quote is most likely from this kind of address...
Fireside Chat
900
This 1930 law enacted by President Hoover was meant to protect American farmers by raising tariffs on imported goods but ended up worsening international trade during the Depression.
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
900
"The program of the world's peace, therefore is our program, the only possible program, as we see it, is this:
I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike..." - President Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points
In Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points an underlying theme is
A hope for world peace
900
'"One Way Ticket'
I am fed up
With Jim Crow laws,
People who are cruel
And afraid,
Who lynch and run,
Who are scared of me
And me of them.
I pick up my life
And take it away
On a one-way ticket
Gone Up North
Gone Out West
Gone!"
- Langston Hughes, 1926
This poem was a literary contribution from what social/cultural movement?
The Harlem Renaissance
1000
Congress gave this agency the power to enforce legislation regulating railroad rates.
Interstate Commerce Commission
1000
Why was the rise of labor unions in the late nineteenth century regarded as a threat by some businesses?
It gave workers much greater negotiating strength
1000
During the late 1800s, a major reason labor unions had difficulty achieving their goals was that
The government sided with businesses
1000
The "clear and present danger" ruling of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States illustrates a conflict with this basic American right...
Free Speech
1000
Why were posters like the one shown here common during World War I?
War costs were several times the level of average annual government spending.
1000
The 1920’s are sometimes called the “Roaring Twenties” because…
Widespread social and economic change occurred
1000
This federal program provided jobs for young men through conservation projects like planting trees and building parks.
The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
1000
In an effort to free up employment opportunities for "real" Americans, President Hoover enacted this controversial xenophobic policy that displaced thousands.
Mexican Repatriation
1000
President Woodrow Wilson’s statement “The world must be made safe for democracy” was made to justify his decision to…
Ask Congress to declare war on Germany.
1000
In the early decades of the twentieth century, African Americans migrated in great numbers from the rural South to the industrial North because of what factors?
political freedom, job opportunities, and better living standards