Rebuilding a Broken Nation
This amendment officially abolished slavery in the United States.
13th Amendment
This belief held that Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent.
Manifest Destiny
This term describes the rapid industrial growth and wealth inequality of the late 1800s.
Gilded Age
This is the movement of people from rural areas to cities.
urbanization
This movement aimed to reform government, business, and society in the early 1900s.
Progressivism
This policy expanded U.S. influence through economic power rather than military force.
Dollar Diplomacy
This event in 1914 sparked the beginning of World War I.
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This federal agency was created to help formerly enslaved people adjust to freedom after the Civil War.
Freedmen’s Bureau
This 1862 law offered free land to settlers willing to farm it for five years.
Homestead Act
This type of business structure allowed companies like Standard Oil to dominate entire industries.
monopoly (or trust)
This type of political organization controlled city governments through patronage and favors.
political machines
These journalists exposed corruption in business and government.
muckrakers
This war in 1898 made the U.S. a global imperial power.
Spanish-American War
This military tactic involved soldiers fighting from long trenches.
trench warfare
These Southern laws were passed to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans after the Civil War.
Black Codes
This railroad, completed in 1869, connected the East and West coasts of the United States.
Transcontinental Railroad
This act was the first major federal law to restrict immigration, targeting Chinese immigrants.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This powerful New York City political machine was led by Boss Tweed.
Tammany Hall
This president became known as a “trust buster” for breaking up monopolies.
Theodore Roosevelt
This canal, completed in 1914, shortened trade routes and increased U.S. global power.
Panama Canal
This 1915 event angered Americans after a British passenger ship was sunk by Germany.
the sinking of the Lusitania
This amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to formerly enslaved people.
14th Amendment
This federal policy sought to replace Native American tribal traditions with American culture through land ownership, education, and farming.
assimilation
This philosophy argued that wealthier individuals were more “fit” and that government should not interfere in business.
Social Darwinism
This violent 1894 labor strike involved railroad workers and required federal troops to end it.
Pullman Strike
This amendment gave women the right to vote.
19th Amendment
This 1899 poem by Rudyard Kipling was often used to justify imperialism by claiming it was the duty of Western nations to “civilize” others.
“The White Man’s Burden”
This 1917 telegram proposed an alliance between Germany and Mexico.
Zimmermann Telegram
This 1877 compromise ended Reconstruction by removing federal troops from the South.
Compromise of 1877
This 1887 law attempted to assimilate Native Americans by breaking up tribal lands into individual family plots and granting U.S. citizenship to those who accepted the policy.
Dawes Act
This term describes wealthy industrialists who used ruthless tactics to eliminate competition and control markets.
robber barons
This 1892 strike at a Carnegie Steel plant in Pennsylvania led to a deadly confrontation between workers and private security forces.
Homestead Strike
This reform allowed citizens to vote directly for U.S. senators.
17th Amendment
This 1898 treaty officially ended the Spanish-American War and what were the several territories transferred to the United States.
Treaty of Paris; Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
This treaty officially ended World War I but was rejected by the U.S. Senate.
Treaty of Versailles