Colonial Foundations and Revolution
He "discovered" the New World for Spain. He came in search of Gold and other raw materials during the Age of Exploration.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Who is George Washington?
The Southern States seceded (left the union) when this happened.
What is, Abraham Lincoln was elected President and they feared he would end slavery, an important part of their economy and way of life?
What does "industrialization" mean?
Imperialism is when a country involves itself in other parts of the world and takes control of other places economically and politically. Where did the U.S. act as an imperial power?
-China
-Latin America
-The Caribbean (Cuba)
-Japan
-Hawaii
This European Country came to control the East Coast of what is now the United States. They followed the economic practice of "mercantilism," in which their colonies in the New World could only trade with them. Their empire extended so far around the world that "the sun never set" on it.
England
This was the name of the first government of the United States. It was a weak form of government that gave a lot of power to the states and very little power to the federal government. It tried to fix everything Americans faced under British rule- we did not want another King!
What is The Articles of Confederation?
These people worked to put an end to slavery in the United States. They wrote books, gave speeches, and even staged violent rebellions to try to change minds and end slavery.
Who are abolitionists?
These were some of the problems of industrialization and urbanization.
-Crowded living conditions in cities were unhygienic.
-Factory workers were treated badly, worked in dangerous conditions with no protection.
-"Robber Barons," big business owners cared only about making money, and did unethical things/treated workers and consumers badly
Alliances between countries in Europe contributed to the outbreak of WWI because...
Countries agreed to help each other or "back each other up" if they got into problems with other countries. This caused the war to grow quickly and involve many different countries.
These people were here BEFORE Europeans "discovered" the Americas. There were many different tribes or nations who had distinct cultures and languages. Their population was decimated by the disease and violence brought by European settlers.
Who are "Native Americans" or "Indigenous Peoples"?
The Constitution, that designed the 2nd government of the United States, gave the country these 3 branches of government. The division of power between these three branches is called a system of checks and balances. This structure is meant to stop any one branch from becoming too powerful.
What are the legislative, judicial, and executive branches?
-Sectionalism: The North had an industrial economy, the south was agricultural and depended on slavery. The regions had different needs and concerns.
-The Missouri Compromise
-The Compromise of 1850: five laws that tried to defuse tensions between North and South, strengthened fugitive slave act
-The Dred Scott Supreme Court Case ruled that slaves were property, not citizens
Some of the big business people of this era.
-Andrew Carnegie
-John D. Rockefeller
-J.P. Morgan
-Henry Ford
In this instance of Imperialism and "The Roosevelt Corollary," the United States instigated a revolution in Panama, against Colombia, so that it could build...
The Panama Canal!
What are...
-new, high taxes such as The Tea Act and Sugar Act
-"No Taxation without Representation"- colonists had no voice in their own government
-military occupation by thousands of "redcoats," British soldiers, sent to enforce the King's new taxes
-a growing feeling of distance from the mother country of England; colonists were now 7 generations removed from the earliest English settlers, and felt a growing sense of American identity
It doubled the size of the country, opened up lots more land for settlement and economic growth. It gave the U.S. control of the Mississippi River which protected and grew our trade opportunities.
After the War, there were different plans for Reconstruction (bringing the south back into the union). These points were the main issues of debate/problems.
-Should the South be forgiven or punished?
-How long should military occupy and keep order in the states that rebelled?
-The rights of newly freed African Americans (formerly enslaved people or freedmen)
Trains! Trains could transport products faster, so products from factories could reach more customers.
WWI was called "The Great War" and "The War to End All Wars". Why?
-Over 16 million people died; people couldn't imagine this horror happening again
-It caused such devastation to so many countries
The Battle of Saratoga is considered a turning point of the revolutionary war. It demonstrated that the Americans had a real chance at defeating the British, and convinced the country of _______________ to send military aid and support to help the Americans win. They were a powerful ally and helped the Americans be victorious.
What is France?
Name another way the United States expanded during this period, another way the U.S. exercised its "Manifest Destiny" to grow from coast to coast and spread American ideals.
-Annexation of Texas
-Mexican Cession of the southwest area of the U.S., after the Mexican American War
-The Erie Canal connected the New England Region to the Midwest, trade increased and the population grew along this route
Name two important battles or acts of war that occurred during the Civil War.
-The Battle of Gettysburg (turning point, very deadly, Lincoln gave famous speech)
-Sherman's March (Union General Sherman burned and destroyed everything in his path so that the south could no longer have resources to fight)
-Appomattox- General Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant and ended the Civil War.
Jacob Riis, Ida Tarbell, and Upton Sinclair were called _________________, or journalists that sought to uncover the dirty side of the U.S.'s economic growth. They wrote newspaper articles, published photos, and wrote books about the problems caused by industrialization and big business.
What are "muckrakers?"
One way to remember the causes of World War I is the mnemonic device M.A.I.N. What do two of those letters stand for?
-Militarism
-Alliances
-Imperialism
-Nationalism
*Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand