Early America/WWI
The ____________ occurred on March 5, 1770, when British soldiers opened fire on a crowd of American colonists on King St. This led to Anti-British propaganda in the colonies.
Boston Massacre
What was the first state to secede from the Union?
South Carolina
The ________________________________________ were a group of Congress members who advocated for a more extreme approach to Reconstruction, including stronger measures to protect the rights of freed slaves.
Radical Republicans
Name a major strike from the Gilded Age:
Pullman Strike (1894) – nationwide railroad strike involving federal troops.
Great Railroad Strike (1877) – violent strike against wage cuts across multiple states.
Haymarket Riot (1886) – strike for an eight-hour workday in Chicago that turned violent.
the Homestead Strike of 1892 at Carnegie Steel in Pennsylvania.
The name of the first womens convention held in the United States was the:
Seneca Falls Convention
What was the central argument presented in Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense?
The colonies should seek independence from GB
TRIPLE POINTS!!
What event directly led to Southern states leaving the Union?
Abraham Lincoln winning the election of 1860!
What is the 13th Amendment?
Abolishes slavery in the United States *except as punishment for crime*
What term describes the crowded, often unsafe urban housing units where many poor immigrants lived in the early 20th century?
Tenements
The name of the institution designed to harshly assimilate Native Americans into society was known as the:
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
What were the two main reasons why the United States joined WWI
Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram
Trade allies w/ France & GB
Anti-German sentiment due to atrocities in Belgium
Military campaign during the American Civil War when Union General William Tecumseh Sherman led his troops from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, in late 1864. The goal was to cripple the Confederacy’s war resources by destroying infrastructure, supplies, and morale along the way via total warfare.
Shermans March to the Sea
In the Compromise of 1877, the Republican party won the presidency with the appointment of Rutherford B. Hayes as POTUS.
What did the Democrats receive in return?
Federal Troops being removed from the South
the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
Nativism
_______ are journalists who exposed corruption in politics and big business.
Muckrakers
This battle was significant because colonial victory pushed the French into joining the war effort, shifting the tide of the war.
Battle of Saratoga
The _____ was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the U.S. Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African descent, and thus they could not enjoy the rights and privileges the Constitution conferred upon American citizens
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
The ______________________________________ divided the former Confederate states into 5 districts, each controlled by a Union general
Military Reconstruction Act
What were the two methods Captains of Industry used to rise to power?
Vertical integration: When a company controls every stage of production for its product, from raw materials to finished goods. (Example: Andrew Carnegie controlling steel mines, factories, and distribution.)
Horizontal integration: When a company buys or merges with competitors in the same industry to dominate the market. (Example: John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil buying other oil refineries.)
Name 3 womens organizations from this era and describe 1 specific belief from each:
NWSA (National Woman Suffrage Association)
Founded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Focused on securing a constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage.
AWSA (American Woman Suffrage Association)
Focused on state-by-state campaigns for women’s voting rights.
Only focused on suffrage.
Included Men
Supported 15th Amenment
WCTU (Woman’s Christian Temperance Union)
Advocated for temperance (no alcohol) and moral reforms.
Christian
Explain the Following:
Sedition Act
Espionage Act
Selective Service Act
Sherman Anti Trust Act
Schenk vs. United States (SC Decision)
Sedition Act – Made criticizing government during wartime illegal.
Espionage Act – Punished spying or interfering with military operations such as the draft
Selective Service Act – Required men to register for military draft.
Sherman Anti Trust Act – Outlawed monopolies to protect business competition.
Schenck vs. United States (SC Decision) – Free speech limited during “clear, present danger.”
Explain how the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to violence in the region and provide an example of violence.
Answer must include:
Voting on issue of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
John Brown
The U.S. government agency established in 1865 to help formerly enslaved people in the South during the Reconstruction era was known as the _______________________________
Freedmens Bureau
Describe the two major labor unions we studied from this era:
The Knights of Labor welcomed all workers, including women and African Americans, and focused on very broad social reforms like ending child labor.
The American Federation of Labor (AFL), led by Samuel Gompers, focused only on skilled workers and aimed for practical goals such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions.
Describe 3 of the reasons why the United States joined the Spanish-American War:
U.S.S Maine
De Lome Letter
Spanish "Reconcentration"
Economic Investments in Cuba (Sugar)