Civil War
Which battle was the turning point of the war?
Battle of Gettysburg
What BEST describes Andrew Johnson's plan (presidential reconstruction)?
wanted to go easy on the south
Established a merit-based system for federal employment, replacing the spoils system of political appointments. It created a bipartisan Civil Service Commission, made it illegal to fire or demote employees for political reasons, and required government jobs to be awarded based on competitive exams
Pendleton Act
What is a monopoly?
When a company controls all or nearly all the business in an industry
Tried to manipulate the gold market. He was a major railroad owner and stock market speculator. His sharp business practices were widely criticized and contributed significantly to the growth of the “robber baron” image of American businessmen.
Jay Gould
Which side won at the Battle of Vicksburg?
Union
What were the Jim Crow Laws?
Laws that segregated different races in public places in the South
In March of 1867, Congress made it illegal for the president to remove government officials without its approval.
Tenure of Office Act
Where was the Golden Spike hammered?
Promontory Summit, UT near Ogden, UT
Who became the richest man in history for his time?
John D Rockefeller
What incident started the Civil War?
Firing at Fort Sumter
Why did sharecroppers remain in a state of debt?
They owed money to the landowners, never getting out of debt
First Federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law and was initially misused against labor union and became the first federal law to regulate corporations
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act
What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration?
Vertical- controlled two or more aspects of a business' production
Horizontal- buys up all the competition
Who was the Scottish immigrant that ran a "steel" company and gave away millions of $$$?
Andrew Carnegie
Who was the commander of the Union Armies at the end of the war?
Ulysses S. Grant
What does the "equal protection clause" in the 14th amendment ensure?
Citizens are given the same rights no matter the race.
This was passed into law in 1890, and it dramatically increased the tax rate on foreign products. While many business owners supported this legislation, American consumers generally opposed it
McKinley Act
Why would a monopoly be harmful to an American consumer?
There would be no competition, and no government intervention. Monopoly gave freedom to establish any price it wants.
Who was the banker and financier that bailed out the US government?
JP Morgan
Who was president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Which organization was established to help blacks and poor whites receive an education, find work, and get needed supplies during Reconstruction?
Freedmen's Bureau
Finally, in 1887, Congress responded to public outcry to watch over the rail industry by creating ______? The became the first regulatory Agency. As a result of improved transportation all Americans had access to more goods at a cheaper price.
Interstate Commerce Act
What is a person who acquires wealth through unscrupulous and unethical methods called?
Robber Baron
Who controlled the shipping and railroads to control every part of the shipping industry? (vertical integration)
Cornelius Vanderbilt