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This 1763 British order banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Proclamation of 1763
This movement aimed to help immigrants adopt American culture and values.
Americanization movement
This journalist wrote The Jungle, exposing unsanitary conditions in meatpacking.
Upton Sinclair
This group of volunteer soldiers, led by Theodore Roosevelt, fought in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
Rough Riders
This island, often compared to Ellis Island, processed Asian immigrants under harsher conditions.
Angel Island
These rights, described by John Locke, justified rebelling against governments that violate them.
Natural rights — life, liberty, property
This 1904 addition to the Monroe Doctrine claimed the U.S. could intervene in Latin America.
Roosevelt Corollary
This progressive president believed in regulating “bad trusts” while supporting “good” ones.
Theodore Roosevelt
This phrase described Roosevelt’s approach to foreign policy—diplomacy backed by military strength.
“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
This U.S. territory in the Pacific was valued for its strategic naval location and economic potential.
Hawaii
This amendment banned slavery throughout the United States.
13th Amendment
This law gave the U.S. control over Cuba’s foreign affairs after the Spanish-American War.
Platt Amendment
This amendment guaranteed voting rights regardless of race.
15th Amendment
These political organizations controlled city governments through patronage and corruption.
Political machines
These large corporations could undercut competitors due to their efficiency and control of markets.
Monopolies
This law required runaway enslaved people to be returned—even from free states.
Fugitive Slave Act
This amendment allowed voters—not state legislatures—to elect U.S. senators.
17th Amendment
This post–Civil War era sought to rebuild Southern society, government, and infrastructure.
Reconstruction
This theory argued society improves when the strongest businesses and individuals succeed.
Social Darwinism
These journalists exposed corruption and social problems during the Progressive Era.
Muckrakers
This immigration station processed millions of newcomers on the East Coast between 1890–1930.
Ellis Island
This 1911 workplace disaster led to major fire-safety and labor reforms.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
This act created merit-based civil service exams to reduce government corruption.
Pendleton Act
This amendment introduced a federal income tax.
16th Amendment
This 1906 law was passed in response to The Jungle and required accurate labeling of food and medicines.
Pure Food and Drug Act