Key Terms 1
Recall
the procedure by which a public official may be removed from office by popular vote; intent of recall is to hold elected officials accountable to the people
Pendleton Service Act
Ensured that appointments
to government jobs were based upon merit and
qualifications. It was designed to prevent the “spoils
system” and patronage.
Which situation was one result of Jim Crow transportation laws?
A. African Americans had to pay twice the amount for bus fare as white people traveling the same route.
B. African Americans had to stay in designated areas on buses even if seats in the white section were vacant.
C. African Americans had to board buses before white people were allowed to enter.
D. African Americans had to create bus routes separate from those for white people.
B. African Americans had to stay in designated areas on buses even if seats in the white section were vacant.
In what way has the concept of laissez-faire contributed to U.S. economic success?
A. The government can collect federal income taxes to pay for programs.
B. Businesses will adjust production levels based on market forces.
C. The government can raise tariff levels to protect domestic industry.
D. Businesses will follow regulations to comply with federal law.
B. Businesses will adjust production levels based on market forces.
This excerpt is from the Medal of Honor ceremony for Master Sergeant Raul “Roy” Perez Benavidez.
His fearless personal leadership, . . . devotion to duty, and extremely valorous actions in the face of overwhelming odds were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service, and reflect the utmost credit on him and the United States Army.
-President Ronald Reagan, February 24, 1981
Why did Master Sergeant Benavidez earn the Medal of Honor?
A. He risked his career to leave the United States to train foreign troops.
B. He risked his individual safety for the lives of other people in battle.
C. He risked his personal reputation to serve his country in Vietnam.
D. He risked his command to support demonstrations against the war.
B
He risked his individual safety for the lives of other people in battle.
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
passed in response to Upton Sinclair’s work The Jungle; this legislation was intended to protect consumers from harmful, adulterated, misbranded, or poisonous foods, drugs, medicines and liquors; the manufacture, sale or transportation of such items was regulated
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Why was the development of electric lighting important to the economic development of the United States?
A. It limited production to certain geophraphic regions.
B. It increased the need for producers to manage costs.
C. It expanded that available hours for production.
D. It lowered the cost of energy for manufacturers.
C. It expanded that available hours for production.
Which statement describes a criticism associated with the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
A. It increased consumer prices for U.S. citizens
B. It decreased the number of imports into the United States.
C. It contributed to the loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs.
D. It excluded many business sectors in the United States.
C. It contributed to the loss of U.S. manufacturing jobs.
Why did people such as President William McKinley and Sanford B. Dole argue that the annexation of Hawai`i would benefit the United States?
Select TWO correct answers.
a. The United States could establish its policy of isolation.
b. The U.S. military would gain bases in the Pacific Ocean.
c. The United States would gain valuable metal and lumber resources.
d. The U.S. economy would benefit from new resources such as fruit and sugar.
e. The U.S. military could protect Latin America from European forces.
b, d
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
the first major law restricting immigration to the United States. It was enacted in response to economic fears, especially on the West Coast, where native-born Americans attributed unemployment and declining wages to Chinese workers, whom they also viewed as racially inferior. Resulted in a sharp decline in the number of Chinese immigrants, strained relations with China, and a short five-month boycott in China of the United States goods.
Taft-Hartley Act
Law passed in 1947 that struck a blow to the power of the labor unions.
The bill overturned many rights won by unions under the New Deal. Among other things, it The
outlawed closed shops which were contractual
agreements that required an employer to hire
only labor union members and put restrictions on
strikes.
Which action describes a part of the Great Society program during the 1960s?
A. Reduced the number of national monuments
B. Expanded rural community centers
C. Increased the budget for military services
D. Funded vocational training programs
D. Funded vocational training programs
This excerpt is from the U.S. Constitution.
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within . . . the United States . . . for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
—Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of U.S. history, which long-term change in American society is reflected by the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment?
A. It reflected the government's desire to support foreign alcohol manufacturers.
B. It reflected the country's hope of increasing participation in religious organizations.
C. It reflected the government's shift to a more active role in the lives of citizens.
D. It reflected the country's eagerness to move past the hardships caused by World War I.
C. It reflected the government's shift to a more active role in the lives of citizens.
How did the beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. differ from those of the Black Panthers?
A. King voiced support for the idea of black power because the Black Panthers promoted racial equality.
B. King believed in black separatism, whereas the Black Panthers believed in an integrated community.
C. King advocated for equality through nonviolent protests rather than the militaristic approach of the Black Panthers.
D. King pushed for various anti-poverty measures, while the Black Panthers focused only on political power.
C. King advocated for equality through nonviolent protests rather than the militaristic approach of the Black Panthers.
16th, 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
Sixteenth Amendment – resulted in the creation of a federal income tax which was used to raise revenue for government programs and reduce reliance on tariffs
Seventeenth Amendment– resulted in the direct election of Senators, which was intended to increase direct participation of voters as opposed to party leadership
Eighteenth Amendment – effectively made the manufacturing, sale and/or distribution of alcohol illegal; gave rise to the creation of a widespread black market for alcohol; resulted in the rise of organized crime groups established to illegally supply alcohol; clandestine taverns/bars known as speakeasies were established; federal agents worked extensively to fight against organized crime associated with the prohibited distribution of alcohol; crime rates rose; was eventually repealed with the Twenty-first Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment– prohibited discrimination in voting on the basis of gender, thereby granting women the right to vote
Domino Theory
The belief that if a nearby nation became communist, then surrounding
nations would do the same.
What was the PRIMARY motive for the U.S. government’s policy of supporting the government of South Vietnam?
A. Encouraging the spread of economic prosperity
B. Preventing the spread of infectious disease
C. Containing the spread of communism
D. Promoting the spread of democracy
C. Containing the spread of communism
What is one similarity between the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and the Chicano Mural Movement of the 1960s and 1970s?
A. Both focused on the passage of anti-lynching laws.
B. Both secured rights for migrant farm workers.
C. Both generated cultural pride among minority groups.
D. Both worked to achieve suffrage for women.
C. Both generated cultural pride among minority groups.
The list shows protest methods that have been used by U.S. citizens in the past.
Which forms of protest were used in response to the Vietnam War?
Select TWO correct answers.
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
A standoff between the U.S. and the Soviet Union when it was
discovered that the Soviets were installing nuclear missiles pointed at the U.S. In May 1962
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev proposed the idea of placing Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba
to deter any future invasion attempts like the Bay of Pigs. After a tense 13-day standoff, the
U.S. pledged not to invade Cuba when the Soviet Union removed the missiles.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Was a landmark Supreme Court decision that
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which the Court declared state laws establishing
separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional.
How did Sandra Day O’Connor contribute to the national identity of the United States?
A. She helped inspire women to seek careers in the judicial system.
B. Her election victory symbolized the dominance of women in politics.
C. Her judicial contributions led to the equal treatment of women in business.
D. She helped expose the mistreatment of women in their traditional roles.
A. She helped inspire women to seek careers in the judicial system.
This excerpt is from remarks given during congressional debate over the Social Security Act of 1935.
[Social Security] launches the Federal Government into an immense undertaking which in [total] will reach dimensions none of us can really visualize. . . . Remember, once we pay pensions and supervise annuities, we cannot withdraw from the undertaking no matter how demoralizing and [disruptive] it may become. Pensions and annuities are never abandoned; nor are they ever reduced. The recipients ever [shout] for more.
—New York Rep. James Wadsworth Jr., April 19, 1935
Based on the excerpt, which statement reflects Representative Wadsworth’s fear about the passage of the Social Security Act?
A. U.S. businesses would be unable to hire new employees.
B. The program would favor employment in government over jobs in private business.
C. U.S. citizens would experience unexpected wage losses.
D. The people would become too dependent on support from the government.
D. The people would become too dependent on support from the government.
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment was ratified to clarify the process of presidential succession. Which scenarios does the Twenty-Fifth Amendment address?
Select TWO correct answers from the list.
Scenarios Addressed by the Twenty-Fifth Amendment
1.A president fails to win the popular vote, and the president still wins the election.
2. A president resigns while in office, and the vice president becomes president.
3. A president fails to win a second term, and a new president is inaugurated.
4. A wins a second and final term, and the president remains in office.
5. A president dies while in office, and the vice president becomes president.
2,5