Gilded Age & Progressive Era
This method made steel stronger and cheaper, helping expand railroads, bridges, and tall buildings.
What is the Bessemer steel process?
Excessive stock trading based on the belief that prices would keep rising helped cause this economic disaster.
What is overspeculation?
This U.S. foreign policy aimed to stop the spread of communism.
What is containment?
This Supreme Court case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson in public education.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring helped inspire these federal environmental actions, including the EPA and Earth Day.
What are environmental reforms?
These groups fought for better pay, safer working conditions, and an end to child labor.
What are labor unions?
Roosevelt’s plan for relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression was known by this two-word name.
What is the New Deal?
This U.S. aid program helped rebuild Western Europe after World War II.
What is the Marshall Plan?
Her arrest for civil disobedience inspired the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Who is Rosa Parks?
This scandal led to a major loss of trust in the federal government after Nixon tried to cover up his involvement.
What is Watergate?
These city organizations traded jobs and services for votes and often justified corruption by helping immigrants and the poor.
What are political machines?
This agency protects people’s savings by guaranteeing bank deposits.
What is the FDIC?
This Red Scare movement, led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, accused many Americans of being communists.
What is McCarthyism?
This 1964 law ended racial segregation in public places.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
This group’s oil embargo caused a national energy shortage and higher gasoline prices in the 1970s.
What is OPEC?
Upton Sinclair helped inspire this federal law meant to protect consumer health and safety.
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
This attack on a U.S. naval base in the Pacific led directly to American entry into World War II.
What is Pearl Harbor?
This Soviet satellite led the United States to increase funding for math, science, and space exploration.
What is Sputnik I?
This 1965 law ended literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
NAFTA and GATT are examples of these, meant to increase access to foreign markets and competition.
What are international trade policies?
These three state-level reforms increased citizen participation and held elected officials more accountable.
What are initiative, referendum, and recall?
Executive Order 9066 led to this wartime violation of due process and equal protection.
What are Japanese American internment camps?
This congressional committee investigated suspected communists in Hollywood and elsewhere.
What is the House Un-American Activities Committee, or HUAC?
This resolution increased executive power by allowing the president to take military action in Vietnam without formal congressional approval.
What is the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
Passed after September 11, this law was meant to prevent future terrorist attacks, though critics argued it violated individual rights.
What is the USA PATRIOT Act?