Ch. 16 Reconstruction
Also known as the "10% Plan" this overture to the South in 1863 would readmit the South with only a 10% loyalty pledge and each rebel state would organize a new government.
What is Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction?
Andrew Carnegie, Robber Baron of the steel industry dominated by using this form of integration in which he bought and operated stages of manufacturing, production, and distribution of steel.
What is Vertical Integration?
This organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 coordinated the activities of craft unions throughout the states. Working to achieve immediate benefits for skilled workers.
What is the American Federation of Labor?
The political party founded in St. Louis in 1892 by the Farmers Alliance. Seeking economic democracy, promoting land, electoral banking, and monetary reform this party soon nominated a candidate for the Election of 1896.
What was the Populist Party?
This 1896 Supreme Court case ruled that the legality of racial segregation was upheld. Citing that blacks could be segregated as long as the facilities were "equal" to those provided for whites.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This Constitutional Amendment passed in 1866 made all native-born or naturalized persons U.S. citizens. Also prohibiting states from abridging the rights of national citizens.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
This idea helped to be promoted by Andrew Carnegie in an 1889 essay in which he maintained that the wealthy should serve as stewards of society as a whole.
What is "The Gospel of Wealth"?
The violent multicity strike that began in 1877 with West Virginian railroad workers who protested against sharp wage reductions and quickly rose to 600,000 workers. President Rutherford B. Hayes used federal troops to break the strike.
What was the Great Railroad Strike?
The sinking of the USS Maine in 1898 within Havana Harbor drove Americans to call for this war against Cuba's colonial master.
What was the Spanish-American War.
This was the reform movement in the early 20th century that often-advocated government activism to mitigate the problems created by urban industrialism. Pushing for many social justice programs and government agencies to reign in the woes of industrialization.
What was progressivism?
Following the end of the Civil War, the new Southern states and their governments adopted these series of laws which denied Blacks their basic rights.
What are the Black Codes?
John D. Rockefeller, Robber Baron and titan of the oil industry and CEO of Standard Oil operated his company and expanded by buying out competitors who also produced oil in this type of integration.
What is Horizontal Integration?
This was the first mass organization of America's working class. Founded in 1869, attempting to bridge the boundaries of ethnicity, gender, ideology, race, and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers under the guidance of Terence V. Powderly.
Who are the Knights of Labor?
This uprising in China against foreigners and European influence directly led to an international force of western countries to crush the rebellion in 1901.
What was the Boxer Uprising/Rebellion?
The term for an early 20th century journalist that exposed the corruption of big business and government. Notable figures such as Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair and Ida Tarbell were all labeled as such.
Who are muckrakers?
This Constitutional Amendment prohibited state from depriving any citizen of the right to vote on the basis of color, race, or previous conditions of servitude.
What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
A social theory popularized in the late 19th century by Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner. Believing that only through relentless competition could produce social progress and that wealth was a sign of "fitness" and poverty a sign of "unfitness" for survival.
What is Social Darwinism.
This event on May 4th, 1886, in which both workers and policemen were killed and wounded during a labor demonstration in Chicago created a massive backlash against labor activism.
What was the Haymarket bombing?
This policy insisted by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899-1900 recommended that the major powers of the U.S., Britain, Japan, Germany, France, and Russia all have access to trade with China and that Chinese sovereignty be maintained.
What was the Open Door policy?
These dual Acts ensured that all food products, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices meet safety and quality standards. Both passed in 1906, the second act focused more on the prohibition on adulterated or misbranded meat products mandating mandatory inspections, sanitary standards, and labeling requirements.
What is the Food & Drug Act/& Meat Inspection Act?
This Constitutional Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except for punishment and consequences of a crime.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
This 1890 Act outlawed pools and trusts, ruling that businesses could no longer enter into agreements to restrict competition.
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
Following the lockout of workers at the Holmstead Pennsylvania steel mill by Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract causing workers to strike. Occurring in 1892, this strike led union supporters to attack Pinkerton Detective agents hired by Carnegie to protect the mill, however the National Guard soon broke the strike.
What was the Holmstead Strike?
This amendment enacted in 1898 stated that the United States would not seek to establish permanent control over Cuba after the war emphasizing the independence of Cuba.
What was the Teller amendment?
This vision of Christianity saw its mission as not simply to reform individuals but to also reform society. Emerging in the early 20th century, it offered a powerful alternative to the notions that riches signaled divine favor.
What was the social gospel?