The Rise of Industrial America (1877-1914)
State and local laws enforcing racial discrimination and segregation in the Southern United States. These laws were enacted after Reconstruction in the late 1800s and continued until 1965.
Jim Crow Laws
the exclusive possession and control of supply in a certain product or service by one company.
Monopolies
the manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products using the assembly line method.
Mass production
President of the United States during the Great Depression. Believed strongly in the ideas of “rugged individualism” and that every man should help himself. He did not believe that the government should intervene in the economy and the Depression became worse during his time in office.
Herbert Hoover
The Communist leader of the Soviet Union, or Russia, from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. During World War II, _________ and the USSR worked with the United States and Great Britain to defeat Hitler and Mussolini. After the war, Russia and the United States disagreed on how to rebuild Europe (communism or capitalism) and began the Cold War, ending any positive relationship between the two countries.
Joseph Stalin
The Soviet Union’s response to NATO, the _________________ is an agreement between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries to come to the defense of each other in the event of a war.
Warsaw Pact
President of the United States from 1969-1974, he was the only US president to resign office. He was caught assisting the Republican party in breaking into the Democratic National Party headquarters and taping phone calls in the White House. If he had not resigned, he would have been impeached.
Richard Nixon
the economic policies of the former US president ________________, associated especially with the reduction of taxes and the promotion of unrestricted free-market activity.
Reaganomics
The term used to describe American history from the late 1870s until 1900. America experienced many advancements in technology and industry but also a lot of corruption and inequality among people. The author Mark Twain created the phrase “____________” to indicate that things looked nice and shiny on the surface but were really dark and dangerous underneath.
Gilded Age
A muckraker journalist who exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry in his book The Jungle, work that led to the eventual passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
Upton Sinclair
A Progressive movement, led largely by Christians and women, advocating that people should abstain from alcohol and that the government should prohibit the making and selling of alcohol.
Temperance Movement
(1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, it began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors.
Great Depression
A surprise attack on December 7, 1941 on an American Naval base in Hawaii by the Japanese. Many Americans were killed, and shortly after the United States entered World War II on the side of the Allied Powers.
Pearl Harbor
The United States plan to give help and money to Western Europe to rebuild after World War II.
Marshall Plan
Prohibits both the federal government and state governments from requiring a poll tax in order to vote.
24th Amendment
On January 28, 1986, as the space shuttle _____________ was returning from earth, it broke apart when it entered earth’s atmosphere, killing all 7 of its crew members. The disaster was filmed as tv cameras were present to catch the return home of the astronauts, and for many Americans, it was the first time they watched a national disaster on television as it occurred.
Challenger
A nationwide railroad strike in the United States in the summer of 1894. It pitted the American Railway Union (ARU) against the _____________ Company, the main railroads, and the federal government of the United States under President Grover Cleveland
Pullman Strike
Women who advocated for all women to have the right to vote.
Suffragettes:
The Federal Act made law when the 18th Amendment was passed to enforce the national prohibition of alcohol.
Volstead Act
series of programs, including, most notably, Social Security, that were enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938, by Franklin D. Roosevelt as a direct response to the Great Depression.
New Deal
The US’s strategy in the Pacific to win the war against Japan.
Island Hopping
The practice of investigating and accusing persons in positions of power or influence of disloyalty, subversion (working secretly to undermine or overthrow the government), or treason. It is named after US Senator _____________________, who insisted that he had a list of names of prominent Americans who were traitors to the United States and helping Russia. He was later revealed to have made up the presence of the list and to be an alcoholic.
McCarthyism
(also known as the women's liberation movement, the women's movement) refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence,
Feminist Movement
a three-country accord negotiated by the governments of Canada, Mexico, and the United States that entered into force in January 1994. The goal was to eliminate barriers to trade between the countries.
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
was a politician in New York city who became famous for his corruption and control over the city and its politics.
Boss Tweed (William Magear Tweed)
Progressive president of the United States from 1901-1909. He championed many progressive reforms, including conservation and the creation of the National Park System, busting up business trusts and monopolies, and supporting the ideas of Manifest Destiny and American Imperialism.
Theodore Roosevelt:
The cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in _________ between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period ________ was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Prominent figures included Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston, Duke Ellington, and Louis Armstrong.
Harlem Renaissance
The Plains area, including Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, has little rainfall, light soil, and high winds, a potentially destructive combination. When drought struck from 1934 to 1937, the soil lacked the stronger root system of grass as an anchor, so the winds easily picked up the loose topsoil and swirled it into dense ______ clouds, called “black blizzards.” Recurrent ______ storms wreaked havoc, choking cattle and pasture lands and driving 60 percent of the population from the region. Most of these “Exodusters” went to agricultural areas first and then to cities, especially in the Far West.
Dust Bowl
the 33rd President of the US who assumed the office upon the death of FDR during the last months of World War II. He is known for launching the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe, for leading the Cold War against Soviet and Chinese communism through the ________Doctrine and NATO, and for intervening in the Korean War.
Harry Truman
A failed military invasion into Cuba by Cubans who had fled the Communist government of Fidel Castro and been trained by the US and the CIA. They attempted to invade Cuba by the __________________(a body of water off the coast of Cuba) but were defeated in three days.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
A civil rights activist, he became the first African American student admitted to the University of Mississippi. He was assassinated by a white gunmen in 1966.
James Meredith
Also known as Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm, the _________ was begun by President George H.W. Bush in 1990, as the leader of 35 other nations that fought against the country of Iraq when it invaded the neighboring country of Kuwait.
Gulf War
A major political scandal of the Gilded Age. Major stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad formed a company, ________________ of America, and then gave it contracts, paid for with government money, to build the railroad, essentially paying themselves. They also sold shares to several US Congressmen.
Credit Mobilier Scandal
The first federal law that outlawed monopolies and trusts as a form of business.
Name + Year
Sherman AntiTrust Act of 1890:
A trial held in Dayton, Tennessee in the 1920s over the issue of teachers teaching Evolution in the classroom. Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were the lawyers in the case. The Tennessee Supreme Court ultimately upheld the state law prohibiting the teaching of evolution.
Scopes Trial
In May of 1932, approximately 15,000 World War I veterans marched on Washington, D.C. to demand that the government pay them their military bonuses they had been promised. President Hoover ordered that they be evacuated from government property, doing severe damage to his reputation and costing him the next presidential election.
Bonus Army
During World War II, Americans were very suspicious of anyone from ______ living in the United States. Any _________________ residing here, mostly in California and on the West Coast, were forced to give up their businesses and homes and relocate to “______________” where they all lived in one place, under the eyes of US Soldiers, in an attempt to prevent any of them from spying.
Japanese Internment Camps
After World War II, much of Europe was destroyed. The United States and the Soviet Union (Russia), two countries that had fought in the war, but not on their own land, emerged as the two global ______________. This meant that they had the best militaries, the strongest economies, and the most citizens.
Superpowers
The High School that the ___________________ attended after desegregation. It received attention because of the violence and racism experienced by the _____________, prompting the National Guard to have to escort them to school and throughout their day.
Central High School/Little Rock:
In 1998, US President __________ was accused of having a sexual relationship with a White House Intern, _______________, while he was president. He was accused of lying under oath (perjury) and saying that he did not have a relationship with __________. The House of Representatives impeached him, but the Senate did not find him guilty and he remained president.
Clinton - Lewinsky Scandal