Colonial Regions
What was the main economic system in the Southern colonies?
Cash crops and plantation-based agriculture.
What slogan summarized colonial opposition to British taxation?
"No taxation without representation."
What is federalism?
A system in which power is divided between national and state governments.
Which European intellectual movement influenced American ideas of government?
The Enlightenment
Who was the first U.S. president to warn against foreign alliances?
George Washington (Farewell Address)
Name one major difference between the New England and Southern colonies.
New England had town meetings and self-government; the South had the House of Burgesses.
What event in 1773 was a direct response to the Tea Act?
The Boston Tea Party.
What rebellion highlighted weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation?
Shays’ Rebellion.
How did the First Great Awakening contribute to republican ideals?
It promoted ideas of questioning authority and self-government.
What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
It established judicial review
How did salutary neglect affect the colonies?
It allowed colonies to develop self-government with little interference from Britain.
Name two Enlightenment thinkers who influenced American revolutionary ideals.
John Locke and Montesquieu.
What was the "Necessary and Proper Clause"?
A clause in the U.S. Constitution that allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its powers.
Name two Enlightenment ideas that shaped the U.S. Constitution
Natural rights (Locke) and separation of powers (Montesquieu).
What did the Alien and Sedition Acts do?
Restricted speech critical of the government and targeted immigrants.
Which religious groups were predominant in the New England colonies?
Puritans and Quakers.
What was the first governing document of the United States before the Constitution?
The Articles of Confederation.
What event led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution?
The Constitutional Convention of 1787.
What was the House of Burgesses?
The first elected legislative body in colonial America.
How did the War of 1812 impact U.S. nationalism?
It increased national unity and economic independence.
Explain how geography influenced the economies of the Northern and Southern colonies.
The North had rocky soil and a colder climate, leading to trade and small farms, while the South had fertile soil and a warm climate, promoting plantation agriculture.
How did the French and Indian War contribute to the American Revolution?
It increased British debt, leading to higher taxation on the colonies, fueling resentment.
Compare the beliefs of Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding government power.
Federalists favored a strong national government, while Anti-Federalists wanted strong state governments.
How did the Mayflower Compact influence American government?
It established self-government based on majority rule.
Why was the Election of 1800 a turning point in U.S. history?
It marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.