Vocab
Mercantilism
mother country benefits from wealth of colonies, protects them in return
What were the four European countries that colonized North America starting in the 1400s?
Spain, England, Netherlands and France
Breadbasket of the colonies
Middle Colonies
Native American
a member of the original inhabitants of the Americas
Which European country was known for having the best relationship with Native Americans?
France
Colony
a territory settled and ruled by a distant country
What was the Three Sisters Farming System?
Corn, squash, and beans; primary crops grown by Native Americans
Founded by Puritan colonists
New England
Breadbasket
region that grows a surplus of food to feed other regions
Why did Native Americans lack immunity to smallpox and other diseases brought over by Europeans?
They had not encountered these diseases before.
Cash Crop
crop grown to sell for profit
List three resources, goods or diseases that were part of the Columbian Exchange.
Economy focused on fishing and shipbuilding
New England
Immunity
resistance to disease due to prior exposure
What was the result of the French and Indian War for Great Britain, and what was an important effect it had on the colonists?
Great Britain won and expanded its territory, while the colonists gained experience in self-government.
Indentured servant
white European who made a contract to work for a set period of time in exchange for transport to America
What goods did Native Americans trade with Europeans? What effect did this have Native economies and society?
Natives traded furs, corn, and other goods for metal tools, guns, and cloth from Europeans. This disrupted the existing economy of Native tribes and gave some a military advantage over their neighbors.
Relied on slave labor
Southern Colonies
Columbian Exchange
the exchange of resources, disease, goods and info across the Atlantic
Explain the difference between indentured servitude and slavery.
Indentured servants were white Europeans who worked for a set period of time before being released and rewarded for their service, while black slaves were treated as property that had no expectation of being freed, and whose children were also enslaved
Triangular trade
goods from Europe traded for slaves in Africa, who are sold to American colonies, which supply raw materials to Europe
Why did Nathaniel Bacon rebel against the Virginia government in 1676, and what was the major effect of the rebellion on Virginian society?
He thought the Virginia governor was refusing to protect colonists from Native American attacks. The rebellion led to an increase in slavery over indentured servitude in Virginia.
Warm climate allowed growing crops all year long
Southern Colonies
Albany Plan
rejected plan to form a central, self-government for the 13 Colonies
What was a cause of the French and Indian War?
British colonists' wanted to expand into French and Indian territory