Industrialization & Big Business
What term describes the rapid growth of factories and technology during the late 1800s?
Industrialization
What were the main reasons immigrants came to the U.S. known as?
Push and Pull Factors
What movement/ideology aimed to fix social, political, and economic problems caused by industrialization?
Progressivism
What is the policy of extending a nation’s power by acquiring territories?
Imperialism
Who dominated the oil industry and founded Standard Oil?
John D. Rockefeller
What is it called when one company controls all or nearly all of an industry?
Monopoly
Through which processing center did millions of immigrants pass when arriving in New York City?
Ellis Island
What were reform-minded journalists who exposed corruption called?
Muckrakers
What 1898 war resulted in the U.S. gaining territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines?
The Spanish-American War
Who became rich through railroads and shipping?
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Which law was the first to make monopolies and unfair business practices illegal?
The Sherman Antitrust Act
What is the term for prejudice or dislike toward immigrants and foreign-born people?
Nativism
Who wrote The Jungle, a novel exposing the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry?
Upton Sinclair
Which U.S. president was known for the “Big Stick” foreign policy and helped build the Panama Canal?
Theodore Roosevelt
Who made a fortune in steel and later gave away much of his wealth to charity?
Andrew Carnegie
What was the nickname for time period of the late 1800s that described the wealth covering up serious social problems?
The Gilded Age
What two regions did most immigrants come from during the early 1900s?
Southern and Eastern Europe
What tragedy led to new safety laws in factories (including fire code), especially for women?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
What belief claimed stronger nations were naturally meant to rule weaker ones, similar to evolution?
Social Darwinism
What banker was known for consolidating industries and financing major corporations?
J.P. Morgan
What economic idea believed government should stay out of business and allow competition to rule?
Laissez-faire
What is the term for the social changes that occurred as people moved from farms to cities during this time?
Urbanization
What two amendments addressed women’s rights and alcohol reform?
18th (Prohibition) and 19th (Women’s Suffrage) Amendments
What were some motivations for American Imperialism? (Name two)
Economic markets, military power, cultural superiority, competition with Europe
What were the two terms used to describe powerful industrial leaders — one positive, one negative?
Captain of Industry and Robber Baron