Industrialization
What is industrialization?
The transformation from an agricultural economy to one dominated by manufacturing and large-scale industries.
Name one country from which immigrants came in large numbers during the 1900s.
Italy, Ireland, Germany, Russia, etc...
What was the primary goal of the Progressive Movement?
To address the problems caused by industrialization, such as social injustice and labor issues.
What was the goal of labor unions?
To fight for better wages, working conditions, and hours.
Which industry did Cornelius Vanderbilt dominate during the Gilded Age?
The railroad industry
Name a key figure associated with the steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
What U.S. immigration station processed millions of immigrants arriving on the East Coast?
Ellis Island
What was the goal of Women's Suffrage?
For women to gain the right to vote.
What was the Homestead Strike?
A strike put on by Carnegie steel mill workers which ended up with the death of over 20 people.
Who was a major financier and banker during the Gilded Age?
J.P. Morgan
What economic theory promotes minimal government intervention in business?
Laissez-faire
What term refers to opposition to immigration based on the preference for native-born individuals?
Nativism
What legislation aimed to break up monopolies and promote competition?
The Sherman Antitrust Act
What tragedy in a New York factory led to workplace safety reforms?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
This individual wrote The Jungle and exposed conditions in the meatpacking industry.
Upton Sinclair
What term describes the consolidation of many small companies into a few large ones?
Mergers
What were the “push factors” that drove people to leave their home countries?
War, famine, religious persecution, etc...
What book by Upton Sinclair exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry?
The Jungle
Who were the primary workers in the early labor unions?
Factory workers, textile mill workers, steel mill workers, farmers, miners, etc...
What philanthropist built libraries and universities after dominating the steel industry?
Andrew Carnegie
What term refers to a large company that controls an entire industry?
Monopolies
What term refers to the movement of people to cities as a result of industrialization?
Urbanization
What did the 17th Amendment achieve?
The direct election of United States two senators in each state.
What method did unions often use to pressure employers for better conditions?
Strikes
Who was known for his Standard Oil monopoly?
John D. Rockefeller