Vocabulary
one who enters and becomes established in a country other than that of his or her original nationality
Who is an immigrant?
The growth of cities.
What is urbanization?
This was the name given to tall, steel-frame buildings in the growing U.S. cities.
What are "skyscrapers?"
Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner coined this term to describe the glittering but corrupt era of the late 1800s
What was the Gilded Age?
This set of laws enforced racial segregation in the South.
What are jim crow laws
A provision in a law or regulation that exempts certain individuals, businesses, or entities from new rules or requirements based on pre-existing conditions.
What is Grandfather Clause?
Famous leader of the populist party.
Who is William Jennings Bryan?
the person in control of a political machine
Who is a party boss?
Jews left Russia to emigrate to the US in order to escape this.
What is religious persecution?
Cities were filthy with garbage and food waste, Political corruption (fraud, cheating, dishonesty), Crime.
What are problems with urbanization?
Cartoonist who criticized Boss Tweed through cartoons, leading to Tweed’s crimes being exposed and Tweed’s arrest
Who is Thomas Nast?
This political jobs system occurred when a new administration fired all of the old workers and replaced them with people who had helped them win the election.
What was the "Spoils System?"
Mississippi also instituted this, requiring voters to read and understand the state constitution.
What was a literacy test?
This was the idea that some people fail in life because circumstances are beyond their control.
What is naturalism?
Farmer organization that educated farmers on new farming techniques and fought for government regulation of railroad prices.
What is the grange?
This was the processing center for new immigrants located in New York Harbor.
What is Ellis Island?
Basing the value of the dollar off the value of gold.
What was the gold standard?
Political machines like this one in New York City, led by Boss Tweed, used corruption to control votes and city contracts.
What is tammany Hall
Law that required people to pass a test before they could become a government employee.
What is Pendleton Service Act?
This is the term that defines the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group
What is segregation?
This group formed to replace the Grange.
What was the Farmers Alliance?
an ongoing decrease in prices and an increase in the value of money
What is deflation?
This Scottish-born industrialist dominated the steel industry and later became a major philanthropist.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
These were multifamily apartments, usually dark, crowded, and barely meeting minimum living standards
What were tenements?
Workers at this Chicago plant protested for an eight-hour workday in 1886, leading to a deadly bombing.
What was the Haymarket Riot?
a political movement founded in the 1890s representing mainly farmers that favored free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other large industries
What was Populism?
In 1896, the Supreme Court, in this case, upheld the Louisiana law and the doctrine of “separate but equal” facilities for African Americans. The ruling established the legal basis for discrimination in the South for more than 50 years.
What was Plessy v. Ferguson?
Organization that ran cities through corruption, graft and providing jobs in exchange for votes.
What are political machines?
a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote
What is a poll tax?
This 1892 labor strike at Carnegie’s steel plant turned violent, hurting the image of labor unions.
What was the Homestead Strike?
The belief that silver, as well as gold, should be used in US money.
What is Bimetallism?
Immigrants arriving on the West Coast passed through this processing center near San Francisco.
What is Angel Island
Many immigrants came to the U.S. between 1880 and 1910 to escape poverty and persecution in this region.
What is Southern and Eastern Europe?
Henry Ford revolutionized manufacturing by introducing this production method.
What is the assembly line?
This man was the political boss who worked out of Tammany Hall in New York City.
Who was William "Boss" Tweed?
The Populists’ Omaha Platform demanded reforms like a graduated income tax and direct election of these officials.
What are U.S. Senators?
Improper sewage disposal contaminated drinking water and led to the spread of this disease.
What was typhoid fever or cholera?
Anti-immigrant sentiment led to this 1882 law banning Chinese laborers from entering the U.S.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?
In 1886, the Supreme Court ruled in the case of Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway v. Illinois that only the federal government could regulate this.
What was Interstate commerce?
Many Democrats thought that Congress should cut these because they raised the price of imported goods
What are tariffs?
Event that caused the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which weakened the spoils system
What is the assassination of President Garfield?