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What were the main motivations for English colonization in North America?
Economic gain, religious freedom, political power, and social opportunity.
What was the significance of the Battles of Lexington and Concord?
They were the first battles of the American Revolution.
Why did Anti-Federalists oppose the Constitution?
They feared a strong central government and demanded a Bill of Rights.
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?
A primary source is a firsthand account; a secondary source interprets past events.
What were some antebellum reform movements?
Temperance, abolition, women’s rights, and education reform.
How did geography influence the development of the New England colonies?
Rocky soil and a cold climate led to small farms, fishing, and shipbuilding.
Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point?
It convinced France to support the American cause.
What precedent did George Washington set by refusing a third term?
Limiting the presidency to two terms.
What four things should you identify when analyzing a source?
Author, audience, format, and purpose.
Who were some prominent abolitionists?
Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and William Lloyd Garrison.
What natural features supported the economy of the Middle Colonies?
Fertile soil and rivers supported grain farming and trade.
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
The British surrendered, ending major fighting in the war.
What advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address?
Avoid political parties and foreign alliances.
How was the Boston Massacre used by colonists?
As propaganda to stir anti-British sentiment.
How did immigration affect America in the antebellum period?
Irish and German immigrants faced discrimination but shaped American culture.
Why did the Southern Colonies develop large plantations?
Warm climate and rich soil were ideal for cash crops like tobacco and rice.
What did the Treaty of Paris (1783) establish?
It recognized U.S. independence and granted land to the new nation.
What was the Alien and Sedition Acts’ purpose during John Adams’s presidency?
To limit criticism of the government and control immigration.
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To explain why the colonies were separating from Britain.
What was the result of the Dred Scott decision?
Slaves were ruled not to be citizens, worsening sectional tensions.
What caused the French and Indian War?
Competition between Britain and France over land in the Ohio River Valley.
What principles were outlined in the Declaration of Independence?
Natural rights, government by consent, and the right to revolt.
What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase?
It doubled the size of the United States.
What was the goal of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?
To honor fallen soldiers and promote unity and liberty.
What event followed Lincoln’s election in 1860?
Southern states began to secede, leading to the Civil War.
What were two effects of the French and Indian War?
Britain gained French territory and imposed new taxes on the colonies.
What was one major weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
It gave the central government no power to tax.
What did the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison establish?
The principle of judicial review.
What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 say about slavery?
It banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
How did colonists react to British taxes and policies after 1763?
With protests, boycotts, and events like the Boston Tea Party.
What compromise at the Constitutional Convention created a two-house legislature?
The Great Compromise.
How does supply and demand affect market prices?
Prices rise when supply is low and demand is high; they fall when supply is high and demand is low.
What did the Three-Fifths Compromise do?
Counted 3 out of every 5 enslaved people for representation and taxes.
Why was the Boston Massacre significant?
It fueled anti-British feelings and was used as propaganda.
How were enslaved people counted in the U.S. population under the Constitution?
As three-fifths of a person for representation and taxation.
What is the role of competition in a free enterprise system?
It improves prices, quality, and innovation.
What was the effect of colonial settlement on Native Americans?
It led to displacement, death, warfare, and loss of land and culture.
What were the main causes of the American Revolution?
Political disputes, economic restrictions, and Enlightenment ideas.
What did the Act of 1808 do regarding slavery?
It banned the importation of enslaved people into the U.S.
What is scarcity and how does it affect choices?
Scarcity is limited resources; it forces individuals and societies to make decisions.
How did New England colonists interact with Native Americans?
Initially cooperative, but later conflicts like King Philip’s War arose.