Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
The first major electoral event of the nominating process; Serves as an early indication of which candidates might win the nomination (helps candidate gauge how voters respond to them)
Iowa Caucus
A good or service that, by its very nature, cannot be denied to anyone who wants to consume it (i.e., road, military)
Collective Good
This refers to the reversal of a presidential veto by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress
Veto Override
Permanent committees responsible for legislation in particular policy areas
Standing Committees
This is the title of the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives
Speaker of the House
An election by which voters choose convention delegates committed to voting for a certain candidate
Presidentil Primary
A type of interest group that is organized to promote the civil and economic rights of underrepresented or disadvantaged groups
Equal Opportunity Interest Group
This refers to a practice of unlimited debate in the Senate in order to prevent or delay a vote on a bill
Fillibuster
The committee that determines how and when debate on a bill will take place
House Rules Committees
This refers to the party with the most seats in a house of Congress
Majority Party
The first political party primary election; Like the Iowa Caucuses, the primary serves as an early indicator of a candidate's prospects for success
New Hampshire Primary
A type of Interest group that organizes to influence government to produce the collective goods and services that benefit the general public(i.e., national right to life, NRA)
Public Interest Group
This refers to the type of vote that ends a filibuster
Cloture
Temporary committee formed to reconcile differences in the House and Senate versions of a bill
Conference Committee
This refers to the slate of proposals and issues that representatives think it worthwhile to consider and act on
Legislative Agenda
The approximately one-third of the electorate who are undecided at the start of a campaign
Swing Voters
Define grassroots Lobbying (200 Points) and astroturf lobbying (200 Points)
Grassroots: Indirect lobbying efforts that spring from widespread public concern (bottom-up)
Astroturf Lobbying: Indirect lobbying efforts that manipulate or create public sentiment, “astroturf” being artificial grassroots; often led by elites
This refers to the presidential authority to kill a bill submitted within ten days of the end of a legislative session by not signing it
Pocket Veto
Combined House-Senate committees formed to coordinate activities and expedite legislation
Joint Committees
This refers to the practice of legislators becoming experts and taking leadership roles in specific policy areas
Policy Entrepeneurship
Campaign advertising that emphasizes the negative characteristics of opponents rather than one’s own strengths
Negative Advertising
A situation in which multiple individuals would all benefit from a certain action, but has an associated cost making it implausible that any one individual can or will undertake and solve it alone (i.e., the class service project extra credit opportunity)
Collective Action Problem
This refers to a legislative sub-organization in the Congress that handles a specific duty
Congressional Committee
A committee appointed to deal with an issue or a problem not suited to a standing committee
Select committees