Module 1
the voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the West Indies and later to North America.
Middle Passage
What was the economy of the Southern colonies based off of?
Farming / Plantation Labor
a clash between British soldiers and Boston colonists in 1770, in which five of the colonists were killed.
Boston Massacre
the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, added in 1791 and consisting of a formal list of citizens’ rights and freedoms.
Bill of Rights
Third president of the United States, one of the leaders of the Democratic-Republicans, and anti-Federalist.
Thomas Jefferson
the 1494 treaty in which Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the lands of the Western Hemisphere between them.
Treaty of Tordesillas
the first permanent English colony in North America, founded in Virginia in 1607.
Jamestown
the document, written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, in which the delegates of the Continental Congress declared the colonies’ independence from Britain.
Declaration of Independence
a document, adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781, that outlined the form of government of the new United States.
Articles of Confederation
an official power or right to refuse to accept or allow something
Veto
the transfer— beginning with Columbus’s first voyage—of plants, animals, and diseases between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere.
Columbian Exchange
members of a group that wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholic ritual and traditions in the Church of England.
Puritans
a conflict in North America, lasting from 1754 to 1763, that was a part of a worldwide struggle between France and Britain and that ended with the defeat of France and the transfer of French Canada to Britain.
French and Indian War
a 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats.
XYZ Affair
a series of agreements passed by Congress in 1820–1821 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states.
Missouri Compromise
the transatlantic system of trade in which goods and people, including slaves, were exchanged between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in North America.
Triangular Trade
Name ALL thirteen colonies.
Virginia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Georgia
a document sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III, proposing a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain.
Olive Branch Petition
the Supreme Court’s power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
Judicial Review
a law, enacted in 1830, that forced Native American peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the West.
Indian Removal Act
a religious movement in 16th-century Europe, growing out of a desire for reform in the Roman Catholic Church and leading to the establishment of various Protestant churches.
Reformation
a conflict, in the years 1675–1676, between New England colonists and Native American groups allied under the leadership of the Wampanoag chief Metacom.
King Philip's War
an order in which Britain prohibited its American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Proclamation of 1763
an uprising of debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers protesting increased state taxes in 1787.
Shay's Rebellion
an 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the Bank of the United States, thereby strengthening the power of the federal government’s control over the economy.
McCulloch v. Maryland