Osmoregulation/Excretion
The solute concentration of a solution that determines the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is osmolarity?
These structures return blood from capillaries to the heart
What are veins?
A type of enzyme secreted by salivary glands
What is salivary amylase?
One of the two types of cells belonging to the domains Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
What are prokaryotic cells?
This is referred to as the space between cells that allows for the movement of material in and out of cells
What is interstitial fluid?
Cells that are specialized for moving solutes in specific directions
What are transport epithelia?
These organisms have three-chambered hearts
What are frogs and amphibians?
Also acceptable: What are turtles, snakes, and lizards?
Secreted by chief cells, this is the inactive form of pepsin
What is pepsinogen?
This structure has a network of membranes and sacs, synthesizes lipids, stores calcium ions, and has no ribosomes on its surface
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
An arrangement of epithelial cells that consists of a single layer of cells of varying length
What is pseudostratified?
A form of nitrogenous excretory waste present in many reptiles, birds, insects, and snails
What is uric acid?
The first step of the cardiac cycle; also known as the filling phase
What is an atrial and ventricular diastole?
The portion of the large intestine where small and large intenstine meet and is responsible for the fermentation of plant material
What is the cecum?
The fibrous complex of DNA and proteins formed from chromosomes
What is chromatin?
This tissue stores fat for insulation and fuel
What is adipose tissue?
Located in the renal cortex, the reabsorbtion of ions, water, and nutrients takes place in this part of the nephron
What is the proximal tubule?
This region of the heart sets the rate and timing at which cardiac cells contract
What is the sinoatrial node?
Water-soluble fats coated with phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
What are chylomicrons?
This type of cytoskeleton fiber is made of the protein tubulin and compose the mitotic/meiotic spindle
What are microtubules?
This type of connective tissue cell secretes proteins of extracellular fibers
What are fibroblasts?
This hormone is responsible for making the collecting duct epithelium more permeable to water
What is the antidiuretic hormone?
These structures control the flow of blood between arterioles and venules
What are precapillary sphincters?
This hormone stimulates the hydrolyzing of glycogen
What is glucagon?
This type of intracellular junction contains channels that allow passage of ions, sugars, and small molecules
What are gap junctions?
The system of heat exchange where heat is transferred between fluids flowing in opposite directions
What is countercurrent exchange?