Industrialization & Reform
This system allowed one company to control all parts of an industry.
Vertical Integration
This war from 1914–1918 involved trench warfare and the first use of tanks and airplanes.
World War I
This 1960s leader gave the “I Have a Dream” speech.
Martin Luther King Jr.
The U.S. economy is based on this economic system.
Free Enterprise (Capitalism)
This 1954 case struck down segregation in public schools.
Brown vs. Board of Education
This law broke up monopolies and trusts.
Sherman Antitrust Act
This U.S. president proposed the Fourteen Points and League of Nations.
These state and local laws enforced racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
Jim Crow Laws
This economic crisis began in 1929 and lasted through the 1930s.
Great Depression
In this 1969 case, the Court ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights at school when they wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.
Tinker vs. Des Moines
Upton Sinclair exposed the meatpacking industry in this book.
The Jungle
This surprise attack by Japan led to U.S. entry into WWII.
Pearl Harbor
This 1965 law outlawed literacy tests and other barriers to voting.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This New Deal program gave jobs to young men in national parks and forests.
CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)
This 1896 case upheld segregation with the doctrine of “separate but equal.”
Plessy vs. Ferguson
This movement fought for women’s voting rights and achieved success in 1920.
Women's Suffrage Movement
The U.S. strategy of stopping the spread of communism after WWII was called this.
Containment
This president’s domestic agenda was called the Great Society.
Lyndon B. Johnson
This entrepreneur founded Microsoft and shaped the software industry.
Bill Gates
This 1966 case required police to inform suspects of their rights.
Miranda vs. Arizona
This African American leader promoted vocational education and founded the Tuskegee Institute.
Booker T. Washington
This Cold War conflict from 1955–1975 was highly controversial in the U.S.
Vietnam War
Challenged in Plessy v. Ferguson, affirmed in Brown v. Board, enforced by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and debated in modern affirmative action cases—this constitutional principle has shaped U.S. history.
Equal Protection
The introduction of this 20th-century technology revolutionized communication and business.
Internet
This 1803 case established the principle of judicial review.
Marbury vs. Madison
This legislation, passed in 1887, attempted to assimilate Native Americans by breaking up tribal lands and giving individuals plots, often resulting in the loss of tribal identity and land.
Dawes Act
This U.S. foreign policy, established after World War I, aimed to avoid future entanglements in European conflicts, influencing decisions like rejecting the Treaty of Versailles.
isolationism
This 21st-century law, passed after the 9/11 attacks, expanded government surveillance powers in the name of national security, sparking ongoing debates over civil liberties and privacy.
US Patriot Act
This 19th-century innovation, supported by government land grants and completed in 1869, revolutionized the U.S. economy by connecting markets, speeding up trade, and encouraging westward expansion.
Transcontinental Railroad
This 1963 Supreme Court case ruled that states must provide a lawyer to defendants who can’t afford one, expanding the 6th Amendment right to counsel through the 14th Amendment.
Gideon vs. Wainwright