Founders & Federalism
Our founders created our government to avoid ____
Tyranny (Tyrannical leaders)
During the election of 1796, which two main-stage parties emerged, and who won the election?
Federalists / Democratic- Republicans
Winner: Federalist, John Adams
Lewis and Clark's expedition to the Northwest gave the U.S. basis to claim lands to the Pacific, more specifically the ___________ territory.
Oregon
During the Industrial Revolution the U.S. begins to shift from an ________-based economy to an ________ - based economy.
Industrial
What did Manifest Destiny mean to Americans?
Divine Obligation to stretch the boundaries of the American Republic to the Pacific Ocean - > Western Expansion
Which state was the first to secede?
South Carolina
List the 3 Reconstruction Amendments:
13th, 14th, 15th.
What was the name of the 1783 Treaty that formally ended the American Revolutionary War?
Treaty of Paris
What are the key differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
Feds: Advocate for strong national government
Anti-federalists: opposed the constitution (without a Bill of Rights) - believed a strong national government would take away from state power and individual liberties.
John Adams' popularity and approval as president fell after he signed what acts into law?
Alien & Sedition Acts
Jefferson and James Madison created this economic policy in response to the British and French interfering with U.S. trade, this policy backfired:
The Embargo of 1807
Which invention gave the Southern slave-based-economy the most significant boost during the 19th century?
Cotton Gin
This conflict lasted for 13 days, where 187 Texans were killed:
The Battle of the Alamo (1836)
(U.S. heard of what happened, eventually pushed Mexican forces out, led to Texan independence.)
Describe the issue brought by popular sovereignty in Kansas
It led to violent conflict as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers flooded Kansas to influence the vote, resulting in “Bleeding Kansas.” (Violence, raids, murder, political intimidation)
Andrew Johnson was impeached for violating the _____________ Act.
Tenure of Office Act
Who was the only U.S. president to not be married while in office?
James Buchanan (1857-1861)
What was the main problem with the Articles of Confederation that eventually led to Shay's Rebellion?
The national government could not tax states
Louisiana (Purchase)
Napoleon
What was suggested at the Hartford Convention?
Secession from the U.S. (New England States)
-New Eng. Federalists opposed War of 1812 -> sought to protect the region's interests by limiting federal power, and suggesting secession from the U.S.
White males did not have to own property to vote. (Democratic party / Andrew Jackson advocated for this)
Which treaty brought an end to the Mexican-American War?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
The __________-_____________ debates were over the issues of popular sovereignty and the morality of slavery.
Lincoln-Douglas debates
The south attempted to maintain the status quo post-civil war by enacting _________ __________.
Black Codes
Where was the first United Nations general assembly held?
London, England
A national bank was created under the ____________ powers of Congress, meaning they were not explicitly written.
Implied
Who did Washington send to negotiate a treaty with Britain over issues on repaying pre-Revolutionary debts, and the rights of free trade across the Atlantic?
(Hint: First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court)
John Jay (Jay's Treaty)
What treaty officially brought an end to The War of 1812?
Treaty of Ghent
This decided that free states would be above the 36' 30' Parallel, and that slave states would be below it:
Missouri Compromise
How did James K. Polk win the presidency over Henry Clay? What did he promote to give himself the advantage during his campaign?
Expansion, acquire territories from Mexican Cession / Oregon Territory from the British
Who became president of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
List 2 provisions from the 14th Amendment:
Citizenship Clause
Due Process Clause
Equal Protection Clause
Insurrection Clause
Which president is on the $2 bill?
Thomas Jefferson
The 'idea' that the success of the republic depends on virtue and education among citizens. This was the role of the the mother, to teach morality, virtue, and civic duty to their children:
Republican Motherhood
Which supreme court case established the principle of Judicial Review?
Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review = Supreme Court's Job)
What territorial changes were made after the War of 1812 concluded and the Treaty of Ghent was signed?
No territorial changes were made
This law allowed the U.S. government to take Native American land, and move them to Indian Territory:
Indian Removal Act
(Trail of Tears)
List two parts of the Compromise of 1850:
California was admitted as a free state
A stricter Fugitive Slave Act
Slavery was abolished in D.C. (but not the slave trade)
Popular Sovereignty was allowed in New Mexico / Utah territories
What was William Sherman’s mission in 1864?
'Sherman's March to the Sea' - Destroy southern infrastructure
What did Radical Republicans believe?
They believed the federal government should reconstruct Southern society and guarantee full civil / political rights to black people.
How fast can an ostrich run?
Approx. 43-45 MPH
What do these two key principles of federalism mean?
Dual Sovereignty
Supremacy Clause
Dual Sovereignty = both levels of government (State / national) have their own sets of powers
Supremacy Clause: The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land
The ____________________ was a diplomatic scandal between the U.S. and France, where French officials whose names were kept secret by Adams, demanded a bribe and loan from America to initiate negotiations, in order to stop French attacks on U.S. ships.
XYZ Affair
After the Treaty of Ghent was already signed, General _______ _________ led a decisive victory resulting in 700 British Casualties at the Battle of New Orleans (1815) - launching his public career in politics.
Andrew JAckson
How did the ______ (state) Supreme Court decide after hearing the case from the Cherokees about being illegally removed from their land?
Decided in their favor (Cherokees),
Andrew Jackson did not enforce = still removed from their land
David Wilmot proposed the _______ _______ during the debates over the status of territories acquired from Mexico:
Wilmot Proviso -> Proposed to prohibit slavery in any of the new territories acquired
Enacting the __________ ____________ (executive order) and giving the ___________ ____________ (speech), allowed Lincoln to redefine the War.
- Fill in the Blanks
- Briefly explain how the war was 'redefined'.
Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address
(Original) War about Re-Union - (Redefinition) War about Slavery/Equality
The Reconstruction Act did what?
Removed the right to vote/seek office for those influenced by Confederate Ideology
(Johnson vetoed this -> overridden.)
Who provided the original voice for Buzz Lightyear?
Tim Allen