Civil War
What are key things to remember about the Election of 1860?
Lincoln wins the election w only 40% of the popular vote - did not win a single Southern state
What is a term that describes colonial self-rule?
Salutary Neglect
Describe two religious oriented movements before the Civil War.
1. The Second Great Awakening
- urged a renewal of faith
2. Transcendentalism
- believed people could go beyond their senses, or transcend, to learn universal truths and get closer to God
What is the cotton gin? What is its relation to slavery?
the cotton gin was a machine that separated the cotton fibers from the seeds
slavery increased as production increased
What were some advantages the North and South had at the beginning of the Civil War?
North had more industry and tangible advantages (resources, transportation)
South had more people, traditional values, and military history
What were the Confederate states of America?
Alabama, GA, FL, LA, MI, CA, TX seceded from the US, largely b/c they had a president who was anti-slavery
The French & Indian War debt
What movements called for a ban of alcohol production/consumption?
The Temperance Movement
Name and Describe 3 Abolitionists.
1. Frederick Douglass
-
escaped slavery
Taught himself to read and write
Published his own abolitionist newspaper, “The North Star”
Advisor to Lincoln during the Civil War
Famous orator (speaker)
Fought for Union
2. Harriet Beecher Stowe
Through her writing she exposed the cruelty of slavery and moved people to care about the issue
3. Sojourner Truth
Escaped slavery
Temperance movement and women’s rights
Spoke out against oppression
Known for speech, “Ain’t I a Woman”
Describe the Worcester vs. Georgia case.
In 1832, Worcester v Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the seizure of native lands was unconstitutional (Jackson defied this ruling)
WHat happened at Fort Sumter?
Confederate forces attacked and captured Fort Sumter, SC
Lincoln declared that insurrection (violent protest/defiance against the gov) of the South
VA, AR, TE, and North Carolina immediately joined the Confederacy
British soldiers fired at a Boston mob, killing 5
Patriots used this Boston Massacre to incite and organize colonists
Describe key points in the public school movement.
Horace Mann called for free public schools, mandatory attendance, and well-educated teachers
How did enslaved people maintain hope?
religious faith, based on a mix of traditional African and Christian beliefs
Thousands escaped to the North or to Mexico using a network of paths and houses called the Underground Railroad
Describe the Dred Scott case.
Dred Scott was an enslaved man who sued fro his freedom on the grounds that his owner had taken him to a free state
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the Court ruled against Scott
They argued that slaves were property and were not allowed to sue in court
The court further ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
Describe the role of African Americans during the Civil War.
Militia Act - Passed by Congress that allowed freed black people in the North to join the military
Thousands of African Americans became Union soldiers - abt 700k AA’s lost their lives
The 54th MA Regiment was recognized for its outstanding action in the battle for Ft. Wagner in SC.
What are the three main parts of the Declaration of Independence?
The Preamble (Intro): stated the reasons for writing the Declaration
The second paragraph stated the purpose of gov’t—to protect people’s rights
The final paragraph actually declared independence
Describe the reform movement for the mentally ill.
Dorthea Dix observed mentally ill individuals in harsh prison and hospital conditions
How did enslaved people fight back during the war?
In 1822, freedman Denmark Vesey plotted a huge uprising in NC. He and dozens of accomplices were captured and hanged
In 1831, enslaved Nat Turner and his followers killed 60 white people in VA
Turner, who acted on what he believed was a sign from GOd, was executed as well as hundreds of African Americans, many not involved in the revolt
Describe the Louisiana Purchase and the Monroe Doctrine.
Louisiana Purchase
- Andrew Jackson purchased Lousiana, country gained land and money/resources
Monroe Doctrine
Monroe warned European monarchies that had no business in America
Became a cornerstone of American policy
Why was the Civil War the deadliest?
new war tech. injured and killed thousands in fierce battles
Poor drinking water and lack of sanitation in camps meant more died of diseases than in battle
What is the Mayflower Compact?
an agreement that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in Plymouth Colony
Describe key points of the Women's movement.
Women could not own property, rarely received a formal education, could not vote, or hold office
In “Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women”, the Grimke sisters argued that God made men and women equal
Describe the Growing Anti-Slavery/Abolition Movement
By 1804, all states north of Maryland had outlawed slavery
In 1807, the importation of new slaves was outlawed
Federalists believed that the United States should form a strong central government to unite the states, while antifederalists believed that the states should maintain the same level of power and authority with only a weak central governmen