Industrial Growth
Which strategy allowed business leaders to cut costs by owning every step of production?
•Vertical integration
Name one group that helped build the railroads in the West.
Chinese or Irish immigrants
Most immigrants after 1890 came from which parts of Europe?
Southern and Eastern Europe.
Which 1898 war marked America's rise as a world power?
Spanish-American War
What was a main goal of the Progressive movement?
•To reform social, political, and economic issues.
When one company takes over all its competitors, what is this called?
Horizontal integration
What 1862 law gave settlers free land if they farmed it?
Homestead Act
What term describes overcrowded apartments in cities?
Tenements
What policy kept U.S. trade open in China?
Open Door Policy
Journalists who exposed corruption were called what?
Muckrakers
How did monopolies affect competition in the late 1800s?
•They reduced competition and controlled prices.
How did the railroad change life in the West?
•It encouraged trade and new settlements.
Name one push factor driving Europeans to immigrate.
•Economic hardship, persecution, or land shortages.
What sensational news style fueled war fever?
•Yellow Journalism
What did Upton Sinclair's The Jungle expose?
•Unsanitary meatpacking conditions.
What public concern did the rise of trusts lead to?
•Fear of unfair business practices and demands for antitrust laws.
What was a major consequence for Native Americans of westward expansion?
•Forced relocation / loss of lands.
Why did cities grow rapidly in the late 1800s?
•Industrial jobs and transportation access.
Why did U.S. business leaders support expansion?
To find new markets for goods.
What was Roosevelt's 'Square Deal' meant to ensure?
•Fairness for workers, consumers, and businesses.
Name one industry that practiced vertical integration.
Steel (Carnegie), Oil (Standard Oil), or Meatpacking.
What discovery led thousands to migrate west in 1849?
Gold in California.
What reformer exposed poor living conditions in tenements?
Jacob Riis
What was ironic about the U.S. after defeating Spain?
It became an imperial power itself.
Which organization fought segregation through lawsuits?
NAACP