Moving Toward Conflict
Why did the United States support France in Vietnam?
To strengthen ties with France and prevent the spread of communism.
How did the war affect soldier's morale?
Many became frustrated by the conditions and lack of progress, leading to low morale and substance abuse.
What was the draft system, and why was it controversial?
It required men aged 18–26 to serve, but wealthier individuals often avoided it through deferments (or another valid reason you have)
Why did Johnson choose not to run for re-election?
Public disapproval of his handling of the war and the growing antiwar movement.
How did the war affect returning U.S. veterans?
Many faced physical and psychological trauma, as well as a lack of support at home.
What was the Vietminh's main goal?
To achieve Vietnam's independence and rid it of foreign rule.
Why did the war turn into a stalemate?
Jungle terrain, guerrilla tactics, and the Vietcong’s determination made quick victory impossible.
What were the effects of the draft lottery system introduced in 1969?
It aimed to make the draft more equitable but didn’t eliminate public resistance.
How did the war divide the U.S. public?
Supporters (Hawks) backed the government’s policy, while opponents (Doves) criticized its morality and effectiveness.
What happened after U.S. troops withdrew from Vietnam?
South Vietnam fell to the North, and Vietnam became a unified Communist country.
What did the Geneva Accords decide?
They divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel, with Communists controlling the North.
What was the purpose of napalm and Agent Orange?
To expose Vietcong tunnels and destroy jungle cover, though they harmed civilians and the environment.
Why did antiwar protests intensify on college campuses?
Students opposed the war’s costs, morality, and the draft's inequality
What role did media play during the Vietnam war?
Television coverage exposed the war’s harsh realities, increasing the credibility gap.
What were the long-term effects of the war on Vietnam?
Widespread destruction, lingering health issues from Agent Orange, and a Communist government.
Why did South Vietnam’s leader, Ngo Dinh Diem, cancel elections?
He feared losing to the Communist leader Ho Chi Minh.
What events led to the Tonkin Gulf Resolution?
An alleged attack on U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin.
Who were the New Left, and what did they demand?
A youth movement that called for individual freedom and protested government policies.
What was the Tet Offensive?
A massive Vietcong attack during a holiday ceasefire that shocked Americans and increased war opposition.
What was Vietnamization, and who introduced it?
President Nixon’s policy to gradually withdraw U.S. troops and transfer fighting to South Vietnam.
What happened at Dien Bien Phu?
The Vietminh defeated the French, forcing them to surrender.
What powers did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution give President Johnson?
Broad military powers to repel armed attacks against U.S. forces.
What role did African Americans play in the Vietnam War?
They served disproportionately in combat roles, facing high risks and racial tensions.
What major events occurred in 1968 that impacted the Vietnam War?
The Tet Offensive, assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., and protests at the Democratic National Convention.
What was the legacy of the Vietnam War for the U.S.?
A loss of trust in the government, significant casualties, and a cautious approach to future conflicts.