Columbian Exchange
This was the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Columbus reached the New World
What is the Columbian Exchange
Many early Spanish emigrants to the New World hoped to do this with Native labor.
What is directly control Native labor?
At the beginning the Spanish empire relied on enslaving this group for labor
Who are Native Americans?
Las Casas recognized this about Native societies before Europeans arrived.
What is they were complex and sophisticated?
The Spanish introduced this animal to the Great Plains, transforming Native American life
What are horses?
Children of both Spanish and Native American ancestry were known by this term
These tribes built large earthworks in the Ohio River Valley
Who were the mound builders?
These laws, passed in 1542, ended the enslavement of Native Americans in Spanish possessions
What are the New Laws of 1542?
Compared to British settlers, Las Casas was more concerned about this aspect of Native life
Florida was the first region colonized by this European nation.
Who were the Spanish?
This economic arrangement allowed investors to share the financial risks of colonies
What are joint-stock Companies
Both of these empires were large, wealthy, and sophisticated
Who were the Aztecs and Incas?
This crop allowed Native Americans to establish large, permanent settlements
What is Maize?
Las Casas’s sympathetic views of Indians differed sharply from these men’s perspectives.
Who were the conquistadores?
French involvement in this trade led to depletion of game animals by Native Americans.
What is the fur trade?
This term described Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
What is the Black Legend
This form of African slavery often included criminals, debtors, and war captives.
What is traditonal Slavery?
This conception of freedom meant liberation from sin but servitude to God.
What is Christian Liberty?
The Spanish saw these Aztec rituals as barbaric
What are sacrificial rituals?
This Spanish explorer was the first European to encounter the massive buffalo herds on the Plains
Who is Francisco Vásquez de Coronado?
Many Native Americans already believed in the idea of a single supreme being creating the world, making this biblical story relatable.
What is the Creation Story?
Native Americans in the Great Basin lived mainly as these.
What are hunter-gatherers?
This crop from the New World significantly impacted European diets, especially in Ireland
What are potatoes?
According to historian, Kupperman, maize cultivation most significantly caused this population trend.
What is growth of population and settlement?
European diseases were deadly to Natives because they lacked this due to isolation.
What is immunity?