Meiosis
Segments of DNA found as "bands" on chromosomes
genes
A trait that shows up in a generation, even if another is present
dominant
Chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent
homologous chromosomes
outward expression of allele pairs, an observable trait
phenotype
The main purpose of meiosis is to produce
gametes
Process where chromosome segments (arms) are exchanged in prophase I
crossing over
An organism's pair of alleles.
genotype
when two haploid gametes combine forming a diploid cell
fertilization
heterozygous offspring formed from the reproduction of homozygous dominant and recessive parents
hybrids
Mitosis results in diploid cells, while meiosis produces haploid cells. This is a difference in
chromosome number
The type of cells formed at the end of meiosis
gametes
states that two alleles for each trait separate during mitosis and unite during fertilization
Law of segregation
True or false: The location of a gene on a chromosome in relation to another gene impacts the likelihood of offspring inheriting traits from one parent together.
True
If a dominant trait is present, this trait will not be physically expressed
Law of independent assortment
It increases genetic variation, which can lead to beneficial mutations
meiosis
Cells that have half the number of chromosomes (n)
haploid
Alternative forms of a gene are passed from generation to generation.
alleles
True or False: If the gene for hair color and the gene for eye color are located on different chromosomes, they will likely be inherited together (linked)
False
crossing over occurs during this phase of meiosis
prophase I
products of meiosis (how many and what are they called?)
Four genetically unique haploid cells
Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes (2n)
diploid
T is dominant and t is recessive. State the homozygous genotypes. (Say the letter combos)
TT and tt
The thing that holds sister chromatids together after replication
chromosome map
studying how traits are passed from parents to offspring is this field of science
genetics
Gametes are formed through meiosis, where diploid cells undergo two rounds of division to produce haploid cells. Name the process
gamete formation