Industrial Titans & Tech
This "King of Steel" used vertical integration by buying his own iron mines and transportation to dominate the market.
Who is Andrew Carnegie?
These types of journalists, like Jacob Riis and Upton Sinclair, exposed harsh realities in tenements and meatpacking plants.
Who are the Muckrakers?
Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe in the late 1800s were often called "New Immigrants," while those from Ireland and Germany were known as this.
What are "Old Immigrants"?
This activist and journalist spent her life working to pass federal anti-lynching laws and exposing the violence of Jim Crow.
Who is Ida B. Wells?
This massive infrastructure project connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts by industry and encouraged rapid westward expansion.
What is the Transcontinental Railroad?
This 1896 Supreme Court decision is famous for approving "separate but equal" segregation, though it is often contrasted with the later Brown v. Board case.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This 1906 investigative novel exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, directly moving Congress to shift from a "laissez-faire" economy to one where the federal government strictly regulated the purity of food and drugs.
What is The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?
While the first Industrial Revolution used steam, the second was powered by this, allowing factories to stay open longer hours.
What is electricity?
This movement, led by figures like Jane Addams, applied Christian ethics to solve social problems like urban poverty.
What is the Social Gospel Movement?
hese corrupt organizations, like the one run by Boss Tweed or the "Byrd Machine" in Virginia, dominated city and state politics.
What are political machines?
While they disagreed on the "how," both W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington agreed that African Americans must strive for this type of progress.
What is economic progress?
This 1890 event was a direct result of the Ghost Dance Movement and marked a tragic chapter in the conflict between Native Americans and the U.S. government.
What was the Battle of Wounded Knee?
These groups were formed by workers to advocate for higher wages and better conditions, often clashing with owners who used "lockouts" to stop them.
What are Labor Unions?
This innovation, famously used by Henry Ford, utilized a "division of labor" to make automobiles affordable for the average person.
What is the assembly line?
Progressives supported several Constitutional Amendments. Describe two of them.
What are the 16th (Income Tax), 18th (Prohibition), and 19th (Women's Suffrage) Amendments?
Advancements in these two forms of public transportation allowed for the rapid growth and expansion of urban areas.
What are subways and streetcars?
This 1927 Supreme Court decision infamously approved the practice of forced eugenic sterilization.
What is Buck v. Bell?
Before the 20th century, these two "pull factors" were the primary reasons European immigrants were drawn to America.
What are better economic opportunities and religious freedom?
While earlier laws like the Black Codes limited African American rights , this earlier 1857 case—which Ida B. Wells worked to move past—denied citizenship to enslaved people
What is Dred Scott v. Sandford?
This 1887 act was the first time the federal government stepped in to regulate an industry, specifically targeting railroad practices.
What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
This tragic 1911 event led to a massive push for new safety standards and building codes in the workplace.
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
These laws were passed in the South following the Civil War specifically to limit opportunities and rights for African Americans.
What are the Black Codes?
This political party, formed in the 1890s, argued that the government should own the railroads to protect farmers from unfair charges.
What is the Populist (or People’s) Party?
While industry grew in the East, this type of publicly funded opportunity helped spur economic growth specifically in agriculture and technology.
What is higher education (Land-grant colleges)?
These cramped, low-cost apartment buildings were often overcrowded and located in segregated ethnic neighborhoods.
What are tenements?
These three men—Carnegie, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller—helped the U.S. achieve this status by the early 20th century.
What is a world industrial power?
This political party, led by Theodore Roosevelt in 1912, aimed to "sweep away old abuses" and increase democracy through the initiative and recall.
What is the Progressive (or Bull Moose) Party?
This ethnic group was specifically excluded from entering the United States by law in the late 19th century.
Who are the Chinese?
These two labor organizations, one for all workers and one for skilled trades, advocated for worker rights in a market economy.
Who are the Knights of Labor and the AFL?
As the United States shifted to an industrial society, this demographic change occurred as people left their family farms.
What is the movement of workers to factory jobs in towns and cities?
This reform movement, which conflicted with Social Darwinism, argued that people should work to overcome difficult circumstances through training and social aid
What is the Social Gospel Movement?