the internet/regulation
regulation/privacy
privacy/trust & security
fairness
access to news/ round-up
100
ARPA and UCLA
What were the two institutions that started the Arpanet?
100
This perspective on regulation holds that the internet and behaviour on the internet can and should be regulated by changing the design or architecture of the internet.
What is techno-regulation?
100
collecting, recording, organizing, structuring, storing, consulting, disclosing, transmitting, sharing, erasure and destruction.
What is processing?
100
volume, variety, velocity, and veracity
What are the 4 Vs describing Big Data?
100
When you are online and only getting news that confirms your initial beliefs, tailored to your preferences.
What is a filter bubble?
200
A universal language for computer networks. It was developed by Robert Kahn and Vincent Cerf.
What is TCP/IP?
200
architecture (code), law, social norms, market
What are the four modalities of Lessig?
200
it has to be freely given, specific, informed, unambiguous. It can be withdrawn.
What are the requirements for a valid consent?
200
an algorithm that tries to predict your preferences in order to sell you something
What is a preferential prediction?
200
Online content whose main purpose is to attract attention and encourage visitors to click on a link to a particular web page.
What is clickbait?
300
"the development and application by governments, the private sector and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.”
What is internet governance? > multistakeholder model
300
the degree to which an entity can or cannot
be regulated, how easy or difficult it is to regulate that entity.
What does regulability mean?
300
The idea is that data protection principles are baked-in to the design of the product or service.
What is data protection by design
300
a correlation may not be applicable to you; You may have ended up in the wrong category; The machine may have made the wrong decision on the basis of what it has found.
What are problems that might occur with online profiling?
300
fake news may undermine journalism in its function to check those in power and inform the public about it, as not only people get the wrong information, it also becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish between genuine news and fake news. As fake news is often targeted news, tailored to the profile of users, it strengthens the filter bubble of people. Fake news might confirm people's -faulty- beliefs. All in all, fake news may lead to less mutual understanding amongst citizens and to distrust in government and politics.
What is the problem with fake news from a rule of law/democratic perspective.
400
Jurisdiction/sovereignty, legitimacy, and attribution
What are the four problems states encounter when they want to regulate online behaviour?
400
“Privacy is the claim of individuals, groups, or institutions to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent information about them is communicated to others.” (Alan Westin)
What is privacy as control over personal information?
400
It means that you give someone a gentle shove, a soft push in the right direction.
What is nudging?
400
-incomplete, inaccurate, outdated data -poorly selected data -historically biased data
What may cause a bias in data?
400
The market! The most important incentive for companies to allow fake news on their platforms is that they can earn revenue from it.
What is currently the dominant modality regulating fake news?
500
‘all forms of social or economic influence’.
What is regulation?
500
• Classifying information (also in the library) • Enabling us to find things • Categorising content • ensures that we can find things in the vast sea of information of the internet.
What are metadata?
500
access control, transparency of identity, and surveillance.
What are the three mechanisms Nissenbaum describes that are used to ensure trust through security?
500
individuals being denied certain opportunities based on the actions of others with whom they share some characteristics
What is (an example of) algorithmic discrimination?
500
privacy, security, fairness, and access to news
What are the four values we discussed in Norms and Values?
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