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100
-Every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. This information is carried with the cells of the organism. Which set of statements BEST describes hereditary information in eukaryotic cells?
A. Genes are made up of chromosomes and both are found in the cell’s cytoplasm.
B. Chromosomes are made up of genes and both are found in the cell’s cytoplasm.
C. Genes are made up of chromosomes and both are found in the cell’s nucleus.
D. Chromosomes are made up of genes and both are found in the cell’s nucleus.
D. Chromosomes are made up of genes and both are found in the cell’s nucleus.
100
Science is the systematic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observation and experimentation. Which BEST describes the part of the physical world that is studied in biology?
A. Earth’s materials and structures
B. matter and its interactions
C. living things
D. energy and forces
C. living things
100
Models can help answer some, but not all, scientific questions. Which scientific question below can be BEST answered by using a model?
A. How do wolves communicate with each other?
B. How does temperature affect the rate of water evaporation?
C. How do the positions of the sun and the tilt of the Earth cause seasons?
D. What insect-repelling chemicals are found in the wood of redwood trees?
C. How do the positions of the sun and the tilt of the Earth cause seasons?
100
A pure plant that has a genotype of GG is crossed with a pure plant that has the genotype gg. What are all the possible genotypes of the offspring?
A. GG, gg, and Gg
B. only Gg
C. only GG
D. GG and gg
B. only Gg
100
For pea plants, T represents a dominant allele for tall pea plants and t is the recessive allele for short pea plants. If two plants with the Tt genotype are crossed, what is the probability that offspring will exhibit the dominant trait?
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25 %
B. 75%
200
A mother and father have two daughters. The daughters have some similar and some different physical features. Which statement BEST explains why the girls’ physical appearance includes both similar and different features?
A. one daughter received fewer genes than the other
B. each daughter received a different number of genes from each parent
C. the daughters received a random set of genes from both parents
D. one daughter received all her genes from her father and the other daughter received all her genes from her mother.
C. the daughters received a random set of genes from both parents
200
For a particular trait, the allele F is dominant over the allele f. The Punnett square below shows the genetic cross of two parents, each with the genotype Ff.
Which box in this Punnett square would contain two dominant alleles?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A. 1
200
In the process of reproduction, hereditary information is passed from one generation to the next. Some organisms reproduce asexually. How does an offspring produced by asexual reproduction (mitosis) compare to the parent organism?
A. its genetic information is completely different from the parent organism
B. one-quarter of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism
C. one-half of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism
D. all of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism
D. all of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism
200
The Punnett squares below show two different crosses, A and B.
Which statement is true about both of these Punnett squares?
A. The phenotype that results from the dominant allele cannot appear in either cross.
B. The phenotype resulting from the dominant allele can appear in Cross B, but not Cross A.
C. The phenotype that results from two recessive alleles can appear in Cross A, but not in Cross B.
D. The phenotype that results from two recessive alleles can appear in Cross B, but not in Cross A.
D.The phenotype that results from two recessive alleles can appear in Cross B, but not in Cross A.
200
There are two kinds of reproduction, asexual (mitosis) and sexual (meiosis). Which of the statements correctly states a difference between the two types of reproduction?
A. Sexual reproduction involves transfer of genetic information, but asexual does not.
B. Asexual reproduction involves meiosis, but sexual reproduction does not.
C. Sexual reproduction involves two parent organisms, while asexual reproduction does not.
D. Asexual reproduction produces new organism, while sexual reproduction does not.
C. Sexual reproduction involves two parent organisms, while asexual reproduction does not.
300
Roberto does a study comparing how plant growth is affected by sunlight. He shares the following information with his classmate, Ava. Ava is trying to follow the accepted practices of the scientific community, so she asks Roberto to document his research methods.
Which best explains why this is an important step?
A. because it is not clear from the chart alone whether Roberto used the same type of plant
B. because scientists are often dishonest about their results and it’s important to make sure that Roberto is telling the truth
C. because Roberto’s peers will want to replicate his experiment and confirm his results before they accept his explanation
D. because scientists are often dishonest about their results and it’s important to make sure that Roberto is telling the tr
C. because Roberto’s peers will want to replicate his experiment and confirm his results before they accept his explanation
300
Which statement is true about DNA?
A. DNA is an exact copy from parent to offspring
B. DNA is not necessary for an organism to reproduce
C. DNA contains genes that hold specific traits for an organism
D. Organisms create their own DNA sequence that is not like their parents
C. DNA contains genes that hold specific traits for an organism
300
Reproduction in dogs requires two parents. What form of reproduction is this?
A. sexual reproduction involving mitosis
B. sexual reproduction involving meiosis
C. asexual reproduction involving mitosis
D. asexual reproduction involving meiosis
B. sexual reproduction involving meiosis
300
Hydra can reproduce through a process called budding, in which a single hydra forms small extensions on its body that pinch off and become new organisms that are identical to the parent. Which of these processes is involved in budding?
A. crossing over
B. fertilization
C. meiosis
D. mitosis
D. mitosis
300
The hairline pattern called a widow’s peak is an inherited trait that is easily visible in humans. For people who express this trait, their hairline forms a V shape above their forehead. People who do not express the trait for a widow’s peak have a straight hairline above their forehead. Which statement BEST explains how traits such as a widow’s peak are inherited?
A. Offspring can express traits from genes they inherited from both parents.
B. Offspring can only express traits from genes they inherited from just one parent.
C. Offspring can express traits from genes they inherited from a source other than the parents.
D. Offspring can only express traits from genes they inherited from the parent that is the same gender.
A. Offspring can express traits from genes they inherited from both parents.
400
Every organism requires a set of instructions that specifies its traits. Which statement best describes the hereditary information in a cell?
A. Each chromosome contains a single gene.
B. A gene, but not a chromosome, is made of DNA.
C. A gene, but not DNA, is passed on to the next generation.
D. Genes are located on the chromosomes.
D. Genes are located on the chromosomes.
400
Jeannie was studying heredity and drew the illustration shown below.
What is Jeannie showing with the dark lines inside each cell?
A.the nucleus
B.the organelles
C.the chromosomes
D.the cell membrane
C.the chromosomes
400
A timeline of important discoveries about DNA is shown below. These discoveries have contributed to our current knowledge about DNA.
Which statement best summarizes the development of knowledge of DNA over time?
Changes in ideas about DNA are based on opinion.
Ideas about DNA have remained unchanged over time.
Past knowledge of DNA was discarded as each new discovery was made.
Scientists gained more knowledge about DNA as new evidence became available.
4.Scientists gained more knowledge about DNA as new evidence became available.
400
The table below describes two types of cell division.
Which correctly identifies the type of cell division in Rows 1 and 2?
A.Row 1: meiosis, Row 2: mitosis
B.Row 1: mitosis, Row 2: mitosis
C.Row 1: meiosis, Row 2: meiosis
D.Row 1: mitosis, Row 2: meiosis
A.Row 1: meiosis, Row 2: mitosis
400
. For a particular trait, R is dominant to r. Look closely at the Punnett square below.
What is the probability of an offspring having the genotype that results in the appearance of the recessive trait?
A.50 %
B.25%
C.75%
D.100%
B.25%