Lower Extremity Arteries
Pain with exercise in muscles due to lack of blood flow (oxygen)
What is claudication?
Normal upper extremity waveform.
What is triphasic?
Connectors of superficial and deep veins.
What are perforator veins?
Paired deep veins. (3)
What is Ulnar, Radial, Brachial
The greatest risk of an aneurysm
What is rupture?
The five "P"s of peripheral arterial disease
What is
o Pain – claudication or rest pain
o Pallor – pale skin
o Paresthesia – Numbness and/or tingling
o Pulselessness – Foot pulses not felt on clinical exam
o Paralysis – Difficulty/inability to move leg
Neurovascular compression by structures in the shoulder girdle caused by scalene muscles or cervical rib.
What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
Major storage for blood in the calf
What is Soleal Sinus Veins?
Superficial Veins (3)
The most common type of aortic aneurysm. Hint: it’s symmetrical.
What is Fusiform?
Located posterior lateral to the SFA in the thigh & Provides potential collateral when the femoral artery is diseased
What is the Deep / Profunda Femoral Artery
Idiopathic, emotional, common in teen females. Hands change color when exposed to cold (white, than blue, than red (with warming))
What is Primary Raynaud’s Syndrome?
Virchow’s Triad
What is
1. Changes or injury to vein walls
2. Venous stasis
3. Hypercoaguability of blood
Name of patient position: supine with head and torso elevated ~30–45°
What is Semi-Fowler Position?
Involves placement of stent graft device within the aortic aneurysm. A Catheter-based procedure (through small groin incision at CFA)
What is Endovascular Aneurysm Repair?
Often at the entry point of an angiogram or cardiac catherization. Features a neck and a swirling flow pattern within (yin-yang sign.
What is a pseudoaneurysm?
Arterial degeneration of ulnar artery as it passes deep to hook of hamate bone. Associated with repeated use of palm of hand as a hammer
What is Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome?
Venous Duplex Imaging: Bed positioning and Patient Positioning
What is tilted in reversed Trendelenburg position and Patient should lie flat on their back (supine) with knee slightly bent and hip slightly externally rotated
The vein(s) that may need bilateral comparison of waveforms in a spectral Doppler evaluation
What are Subclavian Veins?
The normal diameter of the aorta, diameter of ectasia, and diameter of AAA.
What is > 2cm, 2-3cm, and >3 cm?
PSV velocity ratio for ≥70% stenosis
What is ≥3?
Occlusions of the distal digital arteries of the extremities. Patient present with rest pain and ischemic ulceration occur early in the course of the disease. Seen in smokers under 50. Duplex ultrasound used to rule out proximal occlusive lesions. Patients may have resolution of symptoms with cessation of smoking
What is Thromboangitis Obliterans aka. Buerger’s disease
3 differences in Acute vs. Chronic DVT
What is Acute: May be sonolucent, Spongy, Loosely attached (tail of the dog), Expansion of vessel lumen, No collaterals
What is Chronic: More echogenic
thrombus, Well attached, Irregular vein walls, Smaller vessel size, Collateral format
Respiration that aids in venous return
What is expiration/exhalation?
Reasons why infrarenal AAA is most common (name 2)
What is increased wall stress, turbulent flow, fewer vaso vasorum supplying distal abdominal aortic wall, common location for atherosclerosis = wall weakening over time.