What is the main connective tissue component of arteries?
What is Elastin
100
Blood pressure is determined by what two general factors?
What is tube (arterial vessels) tightness and vascular volume.
100
At what point is blood pressure is considered to be hypertensive.
What is 140/90 (some texts even say 140/85)
100
Where are the following arteries located?
carotid
cerebral
hepatic
pulmonary artery
iliac
popliteal
What is
neck
head
liver (R hypochondriac)
exit out of RV to lungs
pelvis area, connects aorta to femorals
behind knee
100
Describe lympatic capillaries
What are one way vessels that carry extracellular fluid back towards the heart.
200
What is/are the main components of vein walls?
What are smooth muscle and collagen?
200
Where are baroreceptors located and what is their purpose?
What is the aortic arch and the carotid arteries (neck).
They especially are sensitive to any drop in blood pressure - sending message to brain which will immediately stimulate the sympathetic system.
200
Describe orthostatic hypotension.
What is blood pressure dropping when a person assumes an upright position.
200
What is the highest blood pressure called
What is the lowest blood pressure called?
What is
1) systole (heart contracts),
2) diastole (heart relaxed)
200
What is the purpose of lymph vessel valves?
What is preventing backflow of lymph fluid.
300
Which vessels are able to be dilated and constricted? And which part of the autonomic system does this?
What are arterioles and veins.
Sympathetic stimulation results in vaso/venoconstriction
Turning off smpathetic results in relaxed vessels (dilated).
300
What two factors are changed in the heart to increase blood pressure?
What are heart rate and contractile force?
300
What are several causes of orthostatic hypotension?
What are dehydration, a sudden very slow heart beat, blood pressure medications (diuretics or vasodilators), prolonged bed rest (baroreceptors sluggish to respond), elevated body temperature, significant reduction in sympathetic stimulation with an increase in parasympathetic stimulation.
300
List the vessels in order starting with the vena cava (go throught the heart as well)
What are examples of lymph nodules? What is their purpose?
What are the tonsils and adenoids (egg shaped masses not surrounded by a capsule). These help catch inhaled or swallowed microbes.
400
Explain the respiratory pump in assisting venous blood back to the heart.
What is exhaling moves diaphragm upwards causing thoracic blood to move towards heart.
What is inhaling moves diaphragm downwards causing abdominal blood to move into thorax.
400
How does pressure affect blood flow?
Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure areas.
400
Define shock and give examples:
What is a lethally low blood pressure due to heart damage (cardiogenic), blood loss (hemorrhagic), severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic), severe blood infection (septic), brain stem damage (neurogenic).
400
How is fetal circulation different than our own? What is the purpose of this difference.
When is the fetal heart completed?
What are the two shunts that go around the baby's liver and connect pulmonary artery to baby's aorta directly.
What is the hole betwee the atria (foramen ovale).
To get the most oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the baby's lungs and go instead to baby's heart and brain.
In an amazing 7 weeks.
400
What are the three ways that lymph is moved naturally back to the heart?
What is skeletal muscle pump, respiratory pump, (with valves preventing reverse flow).
500
Explain cardiac suction.
What is the creation of a vaccum inside the atria during ventricular contraction. (Ventricle shrinks as it contracts blood out to the body, drawing down the atrial septum which enlarges atrial cavity and "sucks" in venous blood.
500
Describe the local factors which allow blood to go to some tissues EVEN THOUGH the sympathetic system is turned on full blast.
What is the local accumulation of chemicals that strongly cause vasodilation (adenosine, lactic acid, CO2).
500
What is the medical word for:
1. Fainting
2. The name of the symptoms associated with Atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries
3. Bulging outwards of an artery wall
4. Traveling blood clot
5. Inflammation or infection of a vein.
What is:
syncope
claudication
aneurysm
thromboembolus
phlebitis
500
What happens to flow when an arteriole is constricted (via sympathetic stimulation)?
What is decreased flow through the arteriole.
(This shunts blood away from that tissue. This blood can now be sent to heart, brain, exercising muscles instead).
500
Explain how the massage therapist can assist with lymph drainage:
(direction of strokes?)
(deep/superficial massage?)
What is using superficial massage strokes that move lymph towards the heart.