veins
Where do veins carry blood?
Towards the heart?
Where do arteries carry blood?
Away from heart.
Tip: Artery and Away both start with A
Where do capillaries carry blood?
Capillaries carry blood from Artioles to venules.
What terms are used for high and low blood pressure?
Hypertension & Hypotension
Explanation: Hyper= high Hypo=Low
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What type of blood does veins carry?
Deoxygenated blood
What are small arteries called?
Arterioles
What structure regulates Capillary blood flow into capillary networks?
Precapillary Sphincters
Explanation: Precapillary sphincters are smooth muscle cells at the beginning of each network that constrict/dilate depending on blood demand of each tissue
When reading Blood pressure what two numbers are obtained?
Systolic & Diastolic
What type of blood is pumped through the pulmonary circuit?
Deoxygenated blood
What does folding of smooth endothelium create in veins?
Valves
What are the 3 tunics/layers of an artery?
Tunica intimia, Tunica Media, & Tunica Externa
What is the process by which gas is exchanged by capillaries?
Diffusion
Explanation: Bc capillaries have such thin and permeable cell walls O2 is able to diffuse from blood to tissue fluid & CO2 is able to diffuse from tissue fluid to lungs
What is considered a normal Blood pressure
120/80 mm Hg
What is venous return?
The amount of blood returned to the heart.
Explanation: Sterling's Law- If venous return decreases, Blood pressure will decrease.
What is the function of valves within a Vein?
To prevent back flow of blood/Create one way flow
What type of tissue makes up each tunica of an artery?
Tunica intimia = Endothelium Tunica Media= smooth muscle & elastic connective tissue Tunica external= Fibrous connective tissue
Explanation: Endothelium provides smoothness to prevent abnormal blood clotting, Smooth muscle and elastic tissue contribute to BP, Fibrous tissue prevents rupture of vessel under high BP
What are capillaries that are thicker & permeable called? Where are 1 place they located?
Sinusoids, Red bone, spleen, liver and Pituitary gland.
Explanation: The permeability of sinusoids allows blood cells & proteins to enter & exit blood. Red bone marrow and spleen contain blood cells. Liver and Pituitary gland secrete proteins into blood.
What does the terms systolic BP and Diastolic BP mean?
Tip= systolic is usually always higher than diastolic
What plasma protein contributes to Colloid Osmotic Pressure?
Albumin
Explanation: Blood pressure decrease as blood reaches venous end. Albumin pulls tissue fluid into capillaries which increases blood pressure.
Which veins contain the most valves?
Veins of the Leg.
Explanation: bc blood must be returned to heart against the force of gravity.
What chemicals is produced by endothelium that contribute to blood pressure?
Nitric Oxygen & Endothelin.
Explanation: NO is a vasodilator & Endothelin is a peptide that is a vasoconstrictor. These chemicals are released by endothelium of inner layer but effect smooth muscle of outer layer.
How does the process of filtration occur?
What artery is usually used to obtain Blood pressure?
Brachial artery
What is Hepatic Portal Circulation?
Hepatic portal circulation is when blood from abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulate through liver before returning to heart.
Tip: portal vein takes blood into liver