Legal Implications
Primary and Secondary Assessment
Treatment
Identify the Injury
Other
100

What are the goals of first aid?

Preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery

100

What does ABCs stand for?

Airway, breathing, circulation

100

How would you help someone experiencing a seizure?

Phone EMS, clear objects from around victim, protect the victim’s head, don’t restrict the victim’s movement or place anything between the teeth, record number and duration of seizures

100

Facial drop, sudden trouble speaking or understanding speech, double vision, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the face, arm, or leg

Stroke

100

What barrier devices / personal protective equipment (PPE) should a first aider use? Why?

Gloves and a pocket mask. Barrier devices protect both the rescuer and the victim

200

What must you get from someone before you help them?

Consent (from the victim or their guardian if they are a child)

200

What acronym helps determine LOC and what does it stand for?

AVPU: alert, verbal, pain, unresponsive 

200

How do you treat a third degree burn?

Phone EMS, flush area with cool, clean water, cover the affected area with a sterile, dry dressing, do not break blisters, separate fingers or toes with dressings if they are affected by the burn

200

Difficulty breathing, wheezing, tight sensation in airway, generalized itchiness, rash, hives, swelling of face, lips, or neck, decreased LOC, nausea, weakness

Anaphylaxis

200

What should you check to prevent errors when helping a victim take their medication?

The 5 Rights: use the right medication, the right amount, on the right person, at the right time, using the right method

300

When are you allowed to stop treatment on a victim?

When someone more qualified takes over, you become too exhausted to continue, you are at personal risk, EMS or other medical personnel assume responsibility
300

What is included in a secondary assessment?

Head-to-toe check, victim history (SAMPLE questions), taking and recording vital signs

300

How would you help someone experiencing an asthma attack?

Assist the victim to a comfortable position, help victim take their medication, loosen tight-fitting clothing, if the asthma attack continues or the victim is distressed call EMS

300

Pain, swelling, discolouration, difficulty moving the affected area, deformity

Dislocation or closed fracture

300

How can bystanders assist you as the rescuer?

Phone EMS, meet EMS and direct them to the scene, help with immobilization, remove hazards or help move victim to safety, get blankets, first aid supplies, and other equipment, calm or comfort the victim, write down the vital signs, details of the incident, and the victim history, manage crowds that may gather

400

What medication can a first aider administer?

An EpiPen

400

What does SAMPLE stand for?

Signs and symptoms, ABCs, medication, past medical history, last oral intake, events prior 

400

How do you treat poisoning (injected)?

Phone EMS, contact Poison Control, delay circulation by placing the victim at rest and keeping the affected limb below heart level, collect container of poison if possible

400

Decreased LOC, unequal and unreactive pupils, head pain, victim claims to "see stars", blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, blood or clear fluid from the eyes, ears, nose or mouth

Head injury - Concussion

400

What is critical incident stress?

Physical, mental, or emotional reactions that interfere with the ability to function during or after the emergency. Some things that can cause critical incident stress include recusing and treating a victim who was injured or died, being involved in an incident that got a lot of media attention, etc. 

500

What Ontario legislation protects first aiders?

Good Samaritan Act (must act reasonably within the scope of your training and to the best of your ability) 

500

What are the five vital signs?

Level of consciousness, pulse, breathing, pupils, skin

500

How do you treat heatstroke?

Phone EMS, move victim to a cool spot out of the hot environment, cool victim down with cool water or ice packs

500

Decreased LOC, shallow and rapid breathing, weak and rapid pulse, may appear intoxicated, sweating, confusion, fear, nausea, headache, trembling, weakness

Diabetic Emergency

500

What two heart rhythms are shockable?

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)

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