thigh muscles caudal crural muscles
Origin, insertion and action of pectineus
origin - cranial edge of pubis
insertion - caudomedial femur mid-shaft
action - adducts hindlimb
Origin, insertion and action of cranial tibial
origin - proximocraniolateral tibia, proximocraniomedial fibula (cat)
insertion - medial metatarsal I (cat), proximoplantar metatarsals I and II (dog)
Action - flexes tarsal joint, rotates hindpaw laterally so plantar surface faces medially
Origin, insertion and action of gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)
origin - lateral = distocaudolateral femur
- medial = distocaudolateral fibula
insertion - all parts = calcaneus (via common calcaneal tendon)
action - flexes stifle joint, extends tarsal joint
Origin, insertion and action of sartorius (cranial and caudal parts in dog, undivided in cats)
origin - iliac crest, coxal tuber
insertion - patella, non-bony attachment to proximomedial crural fascia
action - flexes hip joint, extends and flexes stifle joint, adducts hindlimb
Origin, insertion and action of long digital extensor
origin - distolateral femur
insertion - proximodorsal p3 of digits ii-v
action - flexes tarsal joint, extends phalangeal joints of digits ii-v
Origin, insertion and action of soleus (present in cats, absent in dogs)
origin - proximocaudolateral fibula
insertion - calcaneus (via common calcaneal tendon)
action - extends tarsal joint
Origin, insertion and action of quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis)
origin - rectus = coudoventrolateral ileum
- vastus lateralis & intermedius = proximolateral femur
- vastus medialis = proximomedial femur
insertion - all parts = patella, proximocranial tibia
action - flexes hip joint, extends stifle joint
Origin, insertion and action of fibularis longus
origin - proximolateral tibia (dog), proximocraniolateral fibula
insertion distoplantar fourth tarsal bone (dog), proximoplantar metatarsals I – V (not metatarsal III in cat)
Action - flexes tarsal joint, rotates hindpaw medially so plantar surface faces laterally
Origin, insertion and action of superficial digital flexor
origin - distocaudolateral humerus
insertion - calcaneus, proximoplantar p2 of digits ii-v
action - flexes stifle joint, extends tarsal joint, flexes metatarsophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits ii-v
Origin, insertion and action of iliopsoas
origin - lumbar vertebrae, cranioventral ilium
insertion - proximocaudomedial femur
action - flexes hip joint, flexes lumbar spine
Origin, insertion and action of fibularis brevis
origin - distolateral fibula
insertion - proximolateral metatarsal V
action - flexes tarsal joint
Origin, insertion and action of deep digital flexor (lateral and medial heads)
origin - proximocaudal tibia, proximocaudal fibula
insertion - proximoplantar p3 of all digits
action - extends tarsal joint, flexes phalangeal joints of all digits
Origin, insertion and action of caudal tibia
origin - proximocaudal tibia, proximocaudomedial fibula
insertion - central tarsal bone, first tarsal bone
action - extends tarsal joint, rotates hindpaw laterally so plantar surface faces medially
Origin, insertion and action of lateral digital extensor
origin - proximocraniolateral fibula
insertion - proximodorsal P1 (cat) or p3 (dog) of digit v
action - extends phalangeal joints of digit v
Origin, insertion and action of popliteus
origin - distolateral femur
insertion - proximocaudomedial tibia
action - rotates tibia medially at stifle joint (internal rotation)