cranial antebrachial muscles
origin, insertion and action of Brachioradialis (in cats only)
origin - distolateral humerus, non-bony attachment to deep fascia covering distolateral surface of brachialis
insertion - Distomedial radius
Action - flexes elbow joint, supinates antebrachium
origin, insertion and action of supinator
origin - distolateral humerus
insertion - proximocranial radius
action - supinates antebrachium, flexes elbow joint
origin, insertion and action of superficial digital flexor
origin - distomedial humerus
insertion - proximopalmar P2 of digits II – V
action - flexes carpal joint, flexes metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II – V
origin, insertion and action of superficial gluteal
origin - sacrum, first caudal vertebra, non-bony attachment to sacrotuberous ligament (dog)
insertion - proximocaudolateral femur
Action - extends hip joint, abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of semitendinosus
origin - ischial tuber
insertion - non-bony attachment to proximomedial crural fascia, calcaneus (via common calcaneal tendon)
action - extends hip joint, flexes stifle joint, extends tarsal joint
origin, insertion and action of extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
Origin - all parts = Distolateral humerus
insertion - all parts = proximodorsal metacarpals II and III (extensor carpi radialis longus is medial and inserts on metacarpal II, extensor carpi radialis brevis is lateral and inserts on metacarpal III)
action - all parts = extends carpal joint
origin, insertion and action of abductor pollicis longus
origin - craniolateral ulna mid-shaft, lateral radius mid-shaft
insertion - proximomedial metacarpal I
action - abducts pollex, extends pollex
origin, insertion and action of flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral & ulnar heads)
origin - all parts = distomedial humerus, olecranon of ulna
insertion - all parts = accessory carpal bone
action all parts = flexes carpal joint, flexes phalangeal joints of all digits
origin, insertion and action of gluteofemoralis
origin - first few caudal vertebrae
insertion - non-bony attachment to proximal fascia lata
action - extends hip joint, abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of semimembranosus
origin - ischial tuber
insertion - distocaudomedial femur, proximomedial tibia
action - extends hip joint, extends and flexes stifle joint
origin, insertion and action of common digital extensor
origin = distal lateral humerus
insertion = proximodorsal p3 of digits ii-v
action = extends carpal joint, extends phalangeal joints of diggits ii-v
origin, insertion and action of digit i & ii extensor
origin - dorsolateral ulna mid-shaft
insertion - distomedial metacarpal I, proximodorsal P2 of digit II (cat), branch of common digital extensor tendon to digit II (dog)
action - extends pollex, extends metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints (cat) and phalangeal joints (dog) of digit II
origin, insertion and action of deep digital flexor (humeral, ulnar and radial heads)
origin - all parts = distomedial humerus, caudal ulna, medial radius
insertion - all parts = proximopalmar P3 of all digits
action - all parts = flexes carpal joint, flexes phalangeal joints of all digits
origin, insertion and action of deep gluteal
origin - caudodorsolateral ilium
insertion - proximolateral femur
action - extends hip joint, rotates femur medially at hip joint (internal rotation), abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of caudal crural abductor
origin - second caudal vertebra (cat), non-bony attachment to sacrotuberous ligament (dog)
insertion - non-bony attachment to proximolateral crural fascia
action - abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of lateral digital extensor
origin - distolateral humerus
insertion - proximodorsal P1, P2, and P3 of digits II – V (cat) and III – V (dog)
action - extends carpal joint, extends phalangeal joints of digits II – V (cat) and III – V (dog)
origin, insertion and action of pronator teres
origin - distomedial humerus
insertion - proximomedial radius
action - pronates antebrachium, flexes elbow joint
origin, insertion and action of tensor fasciae latae (cranial and caudal portions in dogs)
origin - cranioventerolateral ilium
insertion - non-bony attachment to fascia lata
action - tenses fascia lata, flexes hip joint, extends stifle joint, abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of piriformis
origin - sacrum, first caudal vertebra, non-bony attachment to sacrotuberous ligament (dog)
insertion - proximolateral femur
action - extends hip joint, abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of gracilis
origin - pelvic symphysis
insertion - non-bony attachment to proximomedial crural fascia, calcaneus (via common calcaneal tendon)
action - adducts hindlimb, extends hip joint, flexes stifle joint, extends tarsal joint
origin, insertion and action of ulnaris lateralis
origin - distolateral humerus, proximolateral ulna (cat)
insertion - accessory carpal bone, proximolateral metacarpal V
action - abducts forepaw, extends (cat) or flexes (dog) carpal join
origin, insertion and action of flexor carpi radialis
origin - distomedial humerus
insertion - proximopalmar metacarpals ii and iii
action - flexes carpal joint
origin, insertion and action of middle gluteal
origin - craniodorsolateral ilium, sacrum (cat), first caudal vertebra (cat)
insertion proximolateral femur
action - extends hip joint, rotates femur medially at hip joint (internal rotation), abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of biceps femoris
origin - schial tuber, non-bony attachment to sacrotuberous ligament (dog)
insertion - non-bony attachment to distal fascia lata, non-bony attachment to proximolateral crural fascia, calcaneus (via common calcaneal tendon)
action - extends hip joint, extends and flexes stifle joint, extends tarsal joint, abducts hindlimb
origin, insertion and action of adductor (longus, brevis, magnus) [magnus and brevis are united in dogs]
origin - longus = cranial edge of pubis at midline
- brevis and magnus = ventral pubis and ischium at and near midline
insertion - longus = proximocaudal femur
- brevis and magnus = caudal femur
action - all parts = adduct hindlimb, extend hip joint