Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observation and Ways of Knowing
Memory and the Brain
Memory Systems
100
The scientist who discovered classical conditioning using dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
100
The three-phase model of operant conditioning.
Antecedent, Behaviour, Consequence (ABC)
100
The psychologist behind the Bobo doll experiment.
Albert Bandura
100
The brain region that encodes explicit memories and consolidates them for long-term storage.
Hippocampus
100
Long-term memory that can be consciously retrieved and stated.
Explicit (declarative) memory
200
A stimulus that produces a response without prior learning.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
200
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to strengthen a behaviour.
Negative reinforcement
200
The five stages of observational learning in order.
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation, reinforcement
200
The brain region that encodes the emotional component of memories, especially fear.
Amygdala
200
Memory of general knowledge and facts, like Canberra being the capital.
Semantic memory
300
The originally neutral stimulus after it triggers the response on its own.
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
300
Adding an unpleasant stimulus to weaken a behaviour.
Positive punishment
300
The stage that requires the learner to have the physical and mental ability to copy the behaviour.
Reproduction
300
Where explicit memories are stored long term.
Neocortex (cerebral cortex)
300
Memory of personal experiences that includes time and place.
Episodic memory
400
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus.
The white rat
400
Taking away a phone to stop a teen breaking curfew.
Negative punishment (response cost)
400
In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, the land, waters and culture that learning is deeply connected to.
Country
400
The brain region involved in encoding and storing classically conditioned responses such as the eye-blink.
Cerebellum
400
The inability to voluntarily create mental images, linked to fewer autobiographical memories.
Aphantasia
500
The stage of classical conditioning where the NS is repeatedly paired with the UCS.
During conditioning (acquisition)
500
The key difference between classical and operant conditioning in terms of the learner.
Classical: passive, involuntary response. Operant: active, voluntary behaviour
500
Why Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander learning is described as multimodal.
It uses many modes, such as story, song, dance, art, land and observation
500
The brain structures involved in encoding and storing procedural memories involving voluntary movement.
Basal ganglia
500
A mnemonic from oral cultures that links information to features of the landscape.
Songlines
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